The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele frequencies in a population remain constant only when which of the following conditions are simultaneously satisfied ?
The population is large, random mating, with no selection, no mutation, and no gene flow
The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes a state of genetic equilibrium in an idealised population, where allele and genotype frequencies remain constant across generations.
This equilibrium requires five conditions simultaneously: a large population size, random mating, no natural selection, no mutation, and no gene flow (migration).
Geographic isolation alone, uniform genetic drift, or natural selection acting as the sole force are each individually insufficient or actually violate the assumptions (selection and drift disturb equilibrium).
Therefore, allele frequencies remain constant only when the population is large, randomly mating, with no selection, no mutation, and no gene flow.
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