AB = 60°, BC = 149.87°, CD = 269.5°, DA = 20.17°.
The calculated value of interior angle D is _____° (Answer in decimal degrees and rounded off to two decimal values).
This solution determines the interior angle D of a closed quadrilateral ABCD based on the given forebearings (azimuths) of its sides, assuming measurements are clockwise from North.
The interior angle at vertex D is found by analyzing the change in direction between the side CD (which arrives at D) and the side DA (which leaves D).
This is the angle measured clockwise from the direction of segment CD to the direction of segment DA.
Calculation: $ \text{Turn Angle} = Br(DA) - Br(CD) $
$ \text{Turn Angle} = 20.17^\circ - 269.5^\circ = -249.33^\circ $
Convert this to a positive clockwise angle (between 0° and 360°):
$ \text{Clockwise Turn Angle} = -249.33^\circ + 360^\circ = 110.67^\circ $
The interior angle ($\angle D$) of the quadrilateral is supplementary to the clockwise turn angle calculated.
Calculation: $ \angle D = 180^\circ - \text{Clockwise Turn Angle} $
$ \angle D = 180^\circ - 110.67^\circ = 69.33^\circ $
The calculated interior angle D is 69.33°. This value is in decimal degrees, rounded to two decimal places as required.
The angular misclosure of the closed-loop traverse shown in the figure is _____________ ° (Answer in decimal degrees and rounded off to three decimal places)
| Station | Easting (m) | Northing (m) |
|---|---|---|
| B | 11054.09 | 9484.37 |
| C | 10827.62 | 10112.15 |
While carrying out a traverse survey ABCDA' using a theodolite with the originating station A, the departures and latitudes of the lines, as obtained, are shown in the following figure (not drawn to scale). It is seen that, due to the observational errors, the originating station A and its computed station A' are not the same. For this survey, the 'closing error' in m is

Figure below shows an open traverse PQRS, where P is the starting point of traverse and S is the end point of traverse. Which one of the following is correct?