Gas Exchange Process at Alveoli and Tissues
The movement of gases, such as oxygen ($O_2$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), between the air in the alveoli and the blood, as well as between the blood and the body tissues, is a fundamental biological process.
This exchange happens because gases naturally move from an area where their concentration (or partial pressure) is high to an area where it is low. This passive movement is known as diffusion.
- Alveoli to Blood: Oxygen concentration is higher in the alveoli than in the blood arriving from the tissues. Thus, oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood.
- Blood to Tissues: Carbon dioxide concentration is higher in the blood arriving from the tissues than in the tissue cells themselves. Thus, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the tissues. Simultaneously, oxygen concentration is higher in the blood arriving from the lungs than in the tissues, causing oxygen to diffuse from the blood into the tissues.
Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water. Decantation is a separation technique. Filtration separates based on particle size using a physical barrier.
Therefore, the process responsible for gas exchange at the alveoli and tissues is diffusion.
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