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Question

The average age of $A, B$ and $C$, whose ages are integers $x, y$ and $z$ respectively ($x \le y \le z$), is 30. If the age of $B$ is exactly 5 more than that of $A$, what is the minimum possible value of $z$?

The correct answer is
33

We are given the average age of three people A, B, and C is 30. Let their integer ages be $x, y,$ and $z$ respectively, with the condition $x \le y \le z$.

Average Age Calculation

The formula for the average age is:

$ \frac{x + y + z}{3} = 30 $

Multiplying both sides by 3, we get the sum of their ages:

$ x + y + z = 90 $

Age Relationship

We are told that B's age ($y$) is 5 more than A's age ($x$):

$ y = x + 5 $

Substituting Age Relationship

Substitute $y = x + 5$ into the sum of ages equation:

$ x + (x + 5) + z = 90 $

Simplify the equation:

$ 2x + 5 + z = 90 $ $ 2x + z = 85 $

We can express $z$ in terms of $x$:

$ z = 85 - 2x $

Applying Constraints

The ages must satisfy the condition $x \le y \le z$.

  • The condition $x \le y$ becomes $x \le x + 5$, which is always true for any $x$.
  • The condition $y \le z$ becomes $x + 5 \le z$.

Substitute $z = 85 - 2x$ into the inequality $x + 5 \le z$:

$ x + 5 \le 85 - 2x $

Add $2x$ to both sides:

$ 3x + 5 \le 85 $

Subtract 5 from both sides:

$ 3x \le 80 $

Divide by 3:

$ x \le \frac{80}{3} \approx 26.67 $

Since $x$ must be an integer, the maximum possible value for $x$ is 26.

Finding Minimum Value of z

To find the minimum possible value of $z$, we need to use the maximum possible value of $x$, because $z = 85 - 2x$. A larger $x$ results in a smaller $z$.

Using the maximum integer value for $x$, which is $x = 26$:

$ z = 85 - 2(26) $ $ z = 85 - 52 $ $ z = 33 $

Verification

Let's verify if these ages satisfy all conditions:

  • If $x = 26$, then $y = x + 5 = 26 + 5 = 31$.
  • We found $z = 33$.
  • The ages are $x=26, y=31, z=33$.
  • Are they integers? Yes.
  • Is $x \le y \le z$? $26 \le 31 \le 33$. Yes.
  • Is the average age 30? $\frac{26 + 31 + 33}{3} = \frac{90}{3} = 30$. Yes.

All conditions are met. Therefore, the minimum possible value of $z$ is 33.

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Important Questions from Problem on Ages (Notes)

  1. At present, Sharad is three times as old as his son, and his daughter is 3 years younger than the son. If the sum of the ages of these three people 3 years ago was 63 years, then Sharad's present age (in years) is:
  2. A father said to his son, "I was as old as you are when I became your father." If the current age of father is 52 years, the age of son after 10 years will be___________.

  3. The sum of the age of A and 5 times the age of B is 55 years. When 3 times the age of A is added to 7 times the age of B, the result is 99 years. The sum of the ages (in years) of A and B is:
  4. The sum of the age of A and 3 times the age of B is 43 years. When 5 times the age of A is added to 2 times the age of B, the result is 98 years. The sum of the ages (in years) of A and B is:
  5. Eight years ago, the age of the mother was four times the age of her son. Eight years hence, the mother's age will be two times the age of her son. Find the ratio of the present age of the mother to the age of the son.
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