The ability of carbon atoms to form long chains by bonding with other carbon atoms is called:
Catenation
The property of carbon atoms to link with other carbon atoms and form long chains, branched chains, and rings is called catenation. This unique tendency arises because carbon atoms form strong, stable covalent bonds with each other, and it is the reason organic chemistry has such a vast number of compounds.
Isomerism refers to compounds having the same molecular formula but different structures, polymerisation is the joining of small monomer units into large polymers, and valency refers to the combining capacity of an atom. None of these describe the chain-forming ability of carbon itself.
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