Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term. FRIEND : GSJFOE : : CLERICAL : ?
DMFSJDBM
Understanding Letter Coding Analogy Problems
This question is a classic example of a letter coding analogy problem. We are given a pair of words, FRIEND and GSJFOE, that are related in a specific way. Our task is to identify this relationship (the coding pattern) and then apply the same pattern to the word CLERICAL to find the missing term.
Analyzing the Pattern: FRIEND to GSJFOE
Let's examine how each letter in the first word, FRIEND, corresponds to the letters in the second word, GSJFOE. We can list them out letter by letter:
- F corresponds to G
- R corresponds to S
- I corresponds to J
- E corresponds to F
- N corresponds to O
- D corresponds to E
Now, let's look at the alphabetical position of each letter. We can see a consistent shift:
- F to G is a shift of $\text{+1}$ (F is the 6th letter, G is the 7th)
- R to S is a shift of $\text{+1}$ (R is the 18th letter, S is the 19th)
- I to J is a shift of $\text{+1}$ (I is the 9th letter, J is the 10th)
- E to F is a shift of $\text{+1}$ (E is the 5th letter, F is the 6th)
- N to O is a shift of $\text{+1}$ (N is the 14th letter, O is the 15th)
- D to E is a shift of $\text{+1}$ (D is the 4th letter, E is the 5th)
The pattern is clear: each letter in FRIEND is advanced by one position in the English alphabet to obtain the corresponding letter in GSJFOE.
| FRIEND | Shift | GSJFOE |
|---|---|---|
| F | +1 | G |
| R | +1 | S |
| I | +1 | J |
| E | +1 | F |
| N | +1 | O |
| D | +1 | E |
Applying the Pattern to CLERICAL
Now we apply the same $\text{+1}$ shift pattern to each letter of the word CLERICAL.
- C shifted by $\text{+1}$ becomes D
- L shifted by $\text{+1}$ becomes M
- E shifted by $\text{+1}$ becomes F
- R shifted by $\text{+1}$ becomes S
- I shifted by $\text{+1}$ becomes J
- C shifted by $\text{+1}$ becomes D
- A shifted by $\text{+1}$ becomes B
- L shifted by $\text{+1}$ becomes M
Combining these letters, we get DMFSJDBM.
| CLERICAL | Shift | Result |
|---|---|---|
| C | +1 | D |
| L | +1 | M |
| E | +1 | F |
| R | +1 | S |
| I | +1 | J |
| C | +1 | D |
| A | +1 | B |
| L | +1 | M |
Verifying the Options
Comparing our derived word DMFSJDBM with the given options:
- DMFSJDBM - Matches our result.
- DMFSJBZM - Does not match.
- DMFSJEBN - Does not match.
- DMFTKDBM - Does not match.
Thus, the correct option is DMFSJDBM.
Revision Table: Letter Coding Basics
Understanding basic coding techniques is crucial for analogy questions.
| Technique | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Letter Shift | Each letter is shifted by a fixed number of positions (forward or backward) in the alphabet. | A → C (+2), B → D (+2) |
| Reverse Order | The letters of the word are written in reverse order. | CAT → TAC |
| Substitution | Each letter is replaced by another specific letter or symbol (could be position-based or fixed). | A → Z (reverse alphabet), A → $, B → % |
| Mixed Operations | Combinations of shifts, reversals, or other patterns applied to different parts of the word. | First half shifted, second half reversed. |
Additional Information: Solving Analogies
Analogy questions test your ability to identify relationships between pairs of items and apply that relationship to a new pair. In verbal analogies, the relationship can be based on various criteria:
- Synonyms or Antonyms
- Part and Whole
- Cause and Effect
- Worker and Tool
- Product and Raw Material
- Sequence (like in this letter coding case)
- Category and Example
For letter coding analogies specifically, focus on:
- The position of letters in the alphabet.
- Forward or backward shifting patterns.
- Reversal of letters or groups of letters.
- Skipping letters.
- Relationship between alphabetical position numbers.
Practice with different types of patterns is key to quickly identifying the rule in such problems.
Important Questions from Letter Based
Select the option that is related to the third letter-cluster in the same way as the second letter-cluster is related to the first letter-cluster.
PDK : QFN :: SJQ : ?
Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.
FASTER : AEFRST :: KINGDOM : ?
Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.
PRACTISE : ACEIPRST :: TECHNOLOGY : ?
Select the option that is related to the third letter-cluster in the same way as the second letter-cluster is related to the first letter cluster.
RJB : TGF :: QPG : ?
Select the option that is related to the third word in the same way as the second word is related to the first word. (The words must be considered as meaningful English words and must not be related to each other based on the number of letters/number of consonants/vowels in the word.)
Ant ∶ Antling ∶ ∶ Deer ∶ ?
