Select the option that is related to the third letter-cluster in the same way as the second letter-cluster is related to the first letter-cluster. PUZKR : TPFDZ :: KRTOD : ?
OMZHL
Solving Letter Cluster Analogy Questions
Letter cluster analogy questions require you to find the relationship between the first pair of letter clusters and apply the same relationship to the third letter cluster to find the fourth one. In this specific question, we need to determine how 'PUZKR' is related to 'TPFDZ' and then apply that rule to 'KRTOD'.
Analyzing the Relationship Between PUZKR and TPFDZ
Let's look at the position of each letter in the English alphabet:
- P is the 16th letter.
- U is the 21st letter.
- Z is the 26th letter.
- K is the 11th letter.
- R is the 18th letter.
So, PUZKR corresponds to the positions: 16, 21, 26, 11, 18.
Now let's look at TPFDZ:
- T is the 20th letter.
- P is the 16th letter.
- F is the 6th letter.
- D is the 4th letter.
- Z is the 26th letter.
TPFDZ corresponds to the positions: 20, 16, 6, 4, 26.
Let's compare the corresponding letter positions:
- P (16) → T (20): $20 - 16 = +4$
- U (21) → P (16): $16 - 21 = -5$
- Z (26) → F (6): Z is 26. Moving forward from Z, A is 1, B is 2, ..., F is 6. Z to F is $26 \xrightarrow{+1} A(1) \xrightarrow{+5} F(6)$. Total movement is $+1 + 5 = +6$. Alternatively, $6 - 26 = -20$, but $+6$ (modulo 26) seems to fit a pattern better.
- K (11) → D (4): $4 - 11 = -7$
- R (18) → Z (26): $26 - 18 = +8$
The pattern of changes in letter positions is: $+4, -5, +6, -7, +8$. This appears to be an alternating series of addition and subtraction, with the magnitude increasing by 1 each time.
Applying the Pattern to KRTOD
Now we apply the pattern $+4, -5, +6, -7, +8$ to the letter cluster KRTOD.
- K is the 11th letter. Apply $+4$: $11 + 4 = 15$. The 15th letter is O.
- R is the 18th letter. Apply $-5$: $18 - 5 = 13$. The 13th letter is M.
- T is the 20th letter. Apply $+6$: $20 + 6 = 26$. The 26th letter is Z.
- O is the 15th letter. Apply $-7$: $15 - 7 = 8$. The 8th letter is H.
- D is the 4th letter. Apply $+8$: $4 + 8 = 12$. The 12th letter is L.
Combining the resulting letters, we get OMZHL.
Let's summarize the transformation:
| Letter in KRTOD | Position | Pattern | Calculation | New Position | Resulting Letter |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | 11 | $+4$ | $11 + 4 = 15$ | 15 | O |
| R | 18 | $-5$ | $18 - 5 = 13$ | 13 | M |
| T | 20 | $+6$ | $20 + 6 = 26$ | 26 | Z |
| O | 15 | $-7$ | $15 - 7 = 8$ | 8 | H |
| D | 4 | $+8$ | $4 + 8 = 12$ | 12 | L |
The resulting letter cluster is OMZHL.
Conclusion
Based on the pattern derived from the relationship between PUZKR and TPFDZ, the letter cluster related to KRTOD is OMZHL.
Revision Table: Letter Cluster Analogy Pattern
| Original Cluster (PUZKR) | Position | Transformation | New Position | Result Cluster (TPFDZ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | 16 | $+4$ | 20 | T |
| U | 21 | $-5$ | 16 | P |
| Z | 26 | $+6$ | $26 \to 6$ (F) | F |
| K | 11 | $-7$ | 4 | D |
| R | 18 | $+8$ | 26 | Z |
| Original Cluster (KRTOD) | Position | Transformation | New Position | Result Cluster |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | 11 | $+4$ | 15 | O |
| R | 18 | $-5$ | 13 | M |
| T | 20 | $+6$ | 26 | Z |
| O | 15 | $-7$ | 8 | H |
| D | 4 | $+8$ | 12 | L |
The final answer is OMZHL.
Additional Information on Letter Series and Analogies
Letter series and analogy problems are common in reasoning sections of competitive exams. They test your ability to identify patterns in sequences of letters or relationships between letter groups.
Common types of patterns include:
- Adding or subtracting a fixed number to the letter's position.
- Adding or subtracting an increasing or decreasing number (like in this problem).
- Alternating addition and subtraction.
- Skipping letters in a sequence.
- Reversing the letters.
- Consonant/vowel patterns.
- Patterns based on alphabetical order (A-Z, Z-A).
To solve these problems effectively, it's helpful to know the position of each letter in the alphabet and practice recognizing various types of sequences and relationships.
Important Questions from Letter Based
Select the option that is related to the third letter-cluster in the same way as the second letter-cluster is related to the first letter-cluster.
PDK : QFN :: SJQ : ?
Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.
FASTER : AEFRST :: KINGDOM : ?
Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.
PRACTISE : ACEIPRST :: TECHNOLOGY : ?
Select the option that is related to the third letter-cluster in the same way as the second letter-cluster is related to the first letter cluster.
RJB : TGF :: QPG : ?
Select the option that is related to the third word in the same way as the second word is related to the first word. (The words must be considered as meaningful English words and must not be related to each other based on the number of letters/number of consonants/vowels in the word.)
Ant ∶ Antling ∶ ∶ Deer ∶ ?
