Understanding Active and Passive Voice Transformation

The question asks us to convert a sentence from active voice to passive voice. The original sentence is: "The wedding planner is making all the reservations and arrangements in advance."

Let's break down the original sentence:

• Subject: The wedding planner
• Verb: is making (This is in the Present Continuous Tense)
• Object: all the reservations and arrangements
• Adverbial Phrase: in advance

Transforming Present Continuous Active to Passive Voice

The general structure for converting a sentence from Active Voice (Subject + is/am/are + Verb-ing + Object) to Passive Voice in the Present Continuous tense is:

Object + is/am/are + being + Past Participle of the Verb + by + Subject (optional)

Let's apply this rule to the given sentence:

1. Identify the Object: "all the reservations and arrangements". This will become the new subject in the passive voice. Since "all the reservations and arrangements" is plural, we use "are".
2. Use the correct form of "to be" for the passive voice (is/am/are + being): Since the new subject is plural, we use "are being".
3. Identify the main verb: "making". Find its past participle form: "made".
4. Add "by" followed by the original subject: "by the wedding planner".
5. Include any other parts of the sentence, like adverbial phrases: "in advance".

Putting it all together, the passive voice sentence is: "All the reservations and arrangements are being made by the wedding planner in advance."

Analyzing the Options

Let's examine each provided option:

• Option 1: "All the reservations and arrangements are to be made by the wedding planner in advance."

  This uses the structure "are to be made", which is an infinitive passive construction, not the passive form for the Present Continuous tense ("is making"). Therefore, this option is incorrect.

• Option 2: "All the reservations and arrangements are being made by the wedding planner in advance."

  This option uses the structure "are being made". This correctly follows the passive voice structure for the Present Continuous tense (Object + are + being + Past Participle + by + Subject). This matches our derived passive sentence.

• Option 3: "All the reservations and arrangements are being making by the wedding planner in advance."

  This option incorrectly uses "making" (the present participle) after "being". The correct form should be the past participle, which is "made". Therefore, this option is incorrect.

• Option 4: "All the reservations and arrangements are made by the wedding planner in advance."

  This option uses the structure "are made", which is the passive form for the Simple Present tense (Object + is/am/are + Past Participle). The original sentence was in the Present Continuous tense ("is making"), so the passive transformation must also reflect a continuous action. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Based on the analysis, Option 2 is the correct passive voice transformation of the given sentence.

Revision Table: Active vs. Passive Voice for Present Continuous

Additional Information on Passive Voice

The passive voice is used in several situations:

• When the doer of the action is unknown, unimportant, or obvious from the context. (e.g., The window was broken. - We don't know or care who broke it).
• When you want to emphasize the action or the object receiving the action, rather than the doer. (e.g., The reservations are being made carefully. - Focus is on the careful making, not who is doing it).
• In scientific or technical writing, where the process or result is more important than the person performing the action. (e.g., The sample was heated to 100°C).
• To avoid mentioning who is responsible for something, often in official reports or statements. (e.g., Mistakes were made).

While active voice is generally preferred for clarity and directness, the passive voice is a valuable tool when used appropriately.