Converting Active to Passive Voice: Present Perfect Tense

The question asks us to find the correct passive form of the active sentence: "He has downloaded the movie on his phone."

To convert an active sentence to its passive form, we need to identify the subject, verb, and object in the active sentence and then rearrange them according to the rules of passive voice, paying close attention to the tense of the verb.

Analyzing the Active Sentence

• Subject: He
• Verb: has downloaded (Present Perfect Tense)
• Object: the movie
• Other part: on his phone (Prepositional phrase indicating location)

Passive Voice Rules for Present Perfect Tense

The general structure for converting a Present Perfect active sentence into passive voice is:

\(\text{Object} + \text{has/have} + \text{been} + \text{Past Participle of the main verb} + \text{(by Subject)} + \text{Other parts}\)

The choice between 'has' and 'have' depends on the new subject (the object from the active sentence).

Applying the Rules to the Sentence

Let's apply these rules to the sentence "He has downloaded the movie on his phone."

1. Make the object ("the movie") the new subject of the passive sentence.
2. The new subject "the movie" is singular, so we use "has".
3. Add "been" after "has".
4. Use the past participle of the main verb "downloaded". The past participle of "download" is "downloaded".
5. Include the original subject ("He") as the agent preceded by "by" ("by him").
6. Keep the other part of the sentence ("on his phone").

Putting it all together, the passive form is: "The movie has been downloaded by him on his phone."

Evaluating the Options

Let's look at the given options and compare them with the correct passive form we derived.

Based on the analysis, Option 1 is the only sentence that correctly transforms the given active sentence into its passive voice in the Present Perfect tense.

Revision Table: Active vs. Passive Voice

Additional Information on Passive Voice

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action itself or the object receiving the action, rather than the performer of the action. The performer of the action (the agent) is often omitted if it is unknown, unimportant, or obvious from the context. When included, the agent is introduced by the preposition "by".

Key points about using passive voice:

• It is formed using a form of the verb 'to be' (is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been) followed by the past participle of the main verb.
• Only transitive verbs (verbs that take an object) can be easily converted into passive voice.
• Passive voice is common in scientific writing, reports, and news headlines where the action is more important than who performed it.
• Overuse of passive voice can make writing sound awkward or unclear. Active voice is generally preferred for directness and clarity in most contexts.

In the given sentence, "He has downloaded the movie on his phone," the action "downloaded" is performed by "He" (the subject). In the passive form, "The movie has been downloaded by him on his phone," the object "the movie" becomes the subject, and the action "has been downloaded" is emphasized. The original subject "he" is mentioned as the agent using "by him".