Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions(s) logically follow(s) from the statements. Statement I: Most of the engineering students are adults. Statement II: Harsh is an adult. Conclusion I: Harsh is an engineering student. Conclusion II: Some engineering students are not adults.
Understanding Statements and Conclusions in Logic
This question tests your ability to analyze given statements and determine which conclusions logically follow from them, based strictly on the information provided, even if it contradicts general knowledge. Let's break down the given statements and conclusions.
Analyzing the Logic Statements
We are given two statements:
- Statement I: Most of the engineering students are adults.
- Statement II: Harsh is an adult.
Statement I tells us something about the relationship between engineering students and adults. The word "Most" is key here. It means a significant majority, more than 50%, but importantly, it does not mean "All". This implies that there is a possibility, or even a certainty in these types of logic problems, that some engineering students are not adults.
Statement II provides specific information about an individual named Harsh, stating that he belongs to the category of adults.
Evaluating the Logic Conclusions
Now let's evaluate each conclusion based solely on the two statements.
Conclusion I: Harsh is an engineering student.
Statement II tells us Harsh is an adult. Statement I tells us most engineering students are adults. Does being an adult mean you must be an engineering student? No. There are many adults who are not engineering students. The statements do not provide any information that links Harsh (being an adult) directly to the group of engineering students. Harsh could be any type of adult – a doctor, a teacher, or any other profession, or even unemployed. Therefore, this conclusion does not logically follow from the given statements.
Conclusion II: Some engineering students are not adults.
Look closely at Statement I again: "Most of the engineering students are adults." If 'most' are adults, it logically implies that the remaining portion are not adults. If the statement intended to say that *all* engineering students are adults, it would typically use words like "All" or "Every". The use of "Most" specifically leaves room for, and often implies the existence of, the complement group. Therefore, the statement "Most engineering students are adults" logically supports the conclusion that "Some engineering students are not adults". This conclusion logically follows from Statement I.
Summary of Statement and Conclusion Analysis
Based on our analysis:
- Conclusion I: Harsh is an engineering student. Does not follow.
- Conclusion II: Some engineering students are not adults. Logically follows from Statement I.
Revision Table: Statement and Conclusion Analysis
| Item | Details | Logical Outcome based on Statements |
|---|---|---|
| Statement I | Most engineering students are adults. | Implies some engineering students are not adults. |
| Statement II | Harsh is an adult. | Places Harsh in the category of adults. |
| Conclusion I | Harsh is an engineering student. | Does not follow; Harsh's status as an adult doesn't prove he is an engineering student. |
| Conclusion II | Some engineering students are not adults. | Logically follows from Statement I ("Most" implies "not all"). |
Additional Information: Logic Reasoning Tips
When tackling statement and conclusion questions, keep these points in mind:
- Stick to the Statements: Only use the information explicitly given in the statements. Do not use your outside knowledge.
- Meaning of Quantifiers: Pay close attention to words like "All," "Some," "Most," "No," and "Few." They have specific meanings in logic. "Most" typically means "more than 50% but not all."
- "Some" means "at least one": In logic, "Some" means there exists at least one.
- Draw Diagrams (Mentally or Physically): For many problems, especially those involving categories (like students and adults), drawing Venn diagrams can help visualize the relationships described in the statements and test the validity of the conclusions.
- Identify Necessary vs. Possible: A conclusion must *necessarily* follow from the statements to be considered valid. If it's only *possible* but not guaranteed, it does not logically follow.
In this problem, understanding the implication of the word "Most" in Statement I was crucial to evaluating Conclusion II.
Important Questions from Statements and Conclusions
In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows the given statements.
Statements:
I. All A are B.
II. Some B are C.
Conclusions:
I. Some A are C.
II. Some A are not C.
III. Some A are B.
Read the given statements and conclusions carefully and decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements.
Statement:
A asked C, "What time is it now?" Is it half past two? ''
Conclusions:
1. A wants to go to lunch.
2. A wants to confirm what the time is because his watch is off.
In the question one statement is given, followed by two conclusions, I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follows from the given statements.
Statement : 55% of Manisha's office colleagues went to watch the movie.
Conclusion I : Manisha went to watch the movie.
Conclusion II : Manisha did not go to watch the movie.
In the question two statements are given, followed by two conclusions, I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follows from the given statements.
Statement 1 : All schools are books.
Statement 2 : No books are papers.
Conclusion I : No schools are books.
Conclusion II : Some books are schools.
In the question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be different from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements.
Statements:
I. Some P are Q.
II. All P are N.
Conclusion:
I. All Q are N.
II. Some P are not Q.
