Question
Read each of the following two statements : Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :
Assertion (A) : Freud's theory holds that many behaviours are caused by unconscious motivation. Personality is determined by biological drives of sex and aggression.
Reason (R) : Personality differences results from variations in learning experiences.
The correct answer is
Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Analyzing Assertion (A): Freud's Theory
Assertion (A) states that Freudian theory posits unconscious motivations drive many behaviors and that personality is shaped by biological drives like sex and aggression.
- Freud's psychodynamic theory heavily emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind in influencing behavior.
- Key concepts include the id, ego, and superego, with the id driven by primal urges.
- Freud specifically identified the libido (sexual drive) and aggression as fundamental biological drives shaping personality development.
- Therefore, Assertion (A) is considered true within the context of Freudian psychology.
Analyzing Reason (R): Personality and Learning
Reason (R) suggests that differences in personality arise from variations in learning experiences.
- This perspective aligns more closely with behaviorist and social learning theories (e.g., Skinner, Bandura), which highlight the impact of environment, conditioning, and observation on personality.
- While learning experiences undeniably contribute to personality development, this statement focuses on external factors.
- Reason (R) is factually true as a general principle in psychology, explaining personality development through environmental interactions.
Evaluating the Relationship Between (A) and (R)
The question asks if Reason (R) is a correct explanation for Assertion (A).
- Assertion (A) is rooted in Freud's psychodynamic approach, emphasizing internal, unconscious, and biological factors (sex, aggression).
- Reason (R) focuses on external, learned experiences.
- While both statements are individually true within different psychological frameworks, the principles described in Reason (R) (learning experiences) do not directly explain the core tenets of Freud's theory described in Assertion (A) (unconscious motivation, biological drives). Freud's explanation is internal, not primarily based on learning.
- Therefore, both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
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Important Questions from Personality - Teaching
- Identify correct assertions according to Roger's theory of personality.
A. Self-actualisers are the healthiest one percent of the population.
B. The perceived self influences both the person's perception of the world and his or her behaviour.
C. People are likely to function more effectively if they are brought up with unconditional positive regard.
D. Each of us has an ideal self.
E. Individuals, whose self-concepts match their feelings and experiences, must defend themselves against the truth.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: - Arrange the following tests/concepts related to projective techniques in chronological order (oldest to newest)
A. Introduction of the term 'Projective Method' by Frank
B. The Holtzman Inkblot Test
C. The Rorschach Test
D. Word-Association Test by Galton
E. Thematic Apperception Test
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: - Who first attempted to describe personality traits in terms of Lexican descriptors ?
- Which of the following have been explained by Freud in his psycho-analytic theory of motivation ?
a. Homeostasis
b. Drives
c. Hedonism
d. Instincts - Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below :
List - I (Concept) List - II (Explanation) a. Trait i. Specific emotional and behavioural qualities of personality that are thought to be biologically based b. Type ii. A collection of highly interconnected traits or dispositions which determine personality integration c. System iii. Clustering of many stable and enduring dispositions or qualities. d. Temperament iv. Consistent pattern of emotional and behavioural reactions a person displays across variety of situations.
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