Assertion (A) : Extraverted individuals are sociable, impulsive and like excitement.
Reason (R) : Brains of extraverts react more slowly and weakly to stimuli which cause them to seek excitement by approaching the environment.
Assertion (A): Extraverted Traits
Assertion (A) states that extraverted individuals are characterized by traits such as being sociable, impulsive, and seeking excitement. This aligns with common psychological descriptions of extraversion, which emphasize outward focus, high energy, and positive emotionality.
Reason (R): Brain Reactivity Hypothesis
Reason (R) proposes a biological basis for these traits, suggesting that the brains of extraverts exhibit a slower and weaker reaction to sensory stimuli compared to introverts. This difference is theorized to drive extraverts to actively seek external stimulation and excitement to achieve an optimal level of arousal.
Evaluating the Explanation
According to influential theories in personality psychology, particularly Eysenck's theory of personality, extraverts indeed tend to have lower baseline cortical arousal. This means they require more external stimulation to reach optimal arousal levels.
- Lower Arousal Baseline: Suggests needing more stimulation.
- Seeking Excitement: This drive is a direct consequence of needing more stimulation.
- Sociability & Impulsivity: These traits often facilitate seeking external stimulation.
Therefore, the slower and weaker brain reaction to stimuli (Reason R) provides a plausible neurobiological explanation for why extraverted individuals display traits like sociability, impulsivity, and a constant search for excitement (Assertion A).
Conclusion
Both Statement (A) and Statement (R) are considered true within the framework of personality psychology research, and Reason (R) correctly explains the underlying mechanism proposed for Assertion (A).
Important Questions from Personality - Teaching
- Identify correct assertions according to Roger's theory of personality.
A. Self-actualisers are the healthiest one percent of the population.
B. The perceived self influences both the person's perception of the world and his or her behaviour.
C. People are likely to function more effectively if they are brought up with unconditional positive regard.
D. Each of us has an ideal self.
E. Individuals, whose self-concepts match their feelings and experiences, must defend themselves against the truth.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: - Arrange the following tests/concepts related to projective techniques in chronological order (oldest to newest)
A. Introduction of the term 'Projective Method' by Frank
B. The Holtzman Inkblot Test
C. The Rorschach Test
D. Word-Association Test by Galton
E. Thematic Apperception Test
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: - Who first attempted to describe personality traits in terms of Lexican descriptors ?
- Which of the following have been explained by Freud in his psycho-analytic theory of motivation ?
a. Homeostasis
b. Drives
c. Hedonism
d. Instincts - Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below :
List - I (Concept) List - II (Explanation) a. Trait i. Specific emotional and behavioural qualities of personality that are thought to be biologically based b. Type ii. A collection of highly interconnected traits or dispositions which determine personality integration c. System iii. Clustering of many stable and enduring dispositions or qualities. d. Temperament iv. Consistent pattern of emotional and behavioural reactions a person displays across variety of situations.
