Assertion (A): Premack principle, based on Probability-Differential Hypothesis, states that the opportunity to engage in a frequently occurring activity can be used to reinforce less frequently activity.
Reason (R) : According to Probability-Differential Hypothesis, restricted access to a response makes that response reinforcing and excessive access to that response makes that response punishing.
Code :
Understanding Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
This question examines the Premack principle and the Probability-Differential Hypothesis.
Analyzing Assertion (A): Premack Principle
Assertion (A) states that the Premack principle uses a high-frequency activity to reinforce a low-frequency activity. This is a correct description of the Premack principle (also known as "Grandma's Law"). The principle posits that a more preferred activity (higher probability) can serve as a reinforcer for a less preferred activity (lower probability).
Therefore, Assertion (A) is TRUE.
Analyzing Reason (R): Probability-Differential Hypothesis
Reason (R) claims that according to the Probability-Differential Hypothesis, restricted access makes a response reinforcing, and excessive access makes it punishing. This statement misrepresents the core concept of the Probability-Differential Hypothesis as it relates to the Premack principle. The hypothesis focuses on the relative baseline rates (probabilities) of activities influencing their reinforcing value, not on the effects of restriction or excess access directly making responses reinforcing or punishing in the way described.
Therefore, Reason (R) is FALSE.
Conclusion
Since Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false, the correct option is the one that reflects this.
- Option 1: Both (A) and (R) are true. (Incorrect)
- Option 2: Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation. (Incorrect)
- Option 3: (A) is true, but (R) is false. (Correct)
- Option 4: (A) is false, but (R) is true. (Incorrect)
The correct code is that (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Important Questions from Principles and theories of learning - Teaching
Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer by choosing from code given below :
List - I
(Concept)List - II
(Description)(a) Counter-conditioning (i) After conditioning, a new CS(B) when paired with already conditioned stimulus CS(A) and presented as a compound stimulus, little or no conditioning occurs to CS(B). (b) Blocking (ii) Elimination of undesirable behaviour by pairing CS with US other than the one that originally reinforced that behaviour. (c) Overshadowing (iii) Inhibition of conditioned response caused by conditioned emotional response. (d) Conditioned Suppression (iv) While using compound CS where one of its components is more salient than the other, only the salient component is conditioned.
Code :- Which of the following terms explains the Reinforcement which is given only if a specific response is made ?
- Salient features of classical conditioning are
1. Responses are voluntary.
2. Based on principle of association by contiguity.
3. Antecedent stimuli are important in forming association.
4. Goal is to increase the rate of an already occurring response.
5. Goal is to create a new response to stimulus.
Codes: - Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :
Assertion (A): Conditioning fails to occur when unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus are paired in a random order.
Reason (R) : Cognitive processes involving expectation play an important role in classical conditioning.
Codes: - Which of the following is an application of operant conditioning ?
