Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer by choosing from code given below :List - I
(Concept)List - II
(Description)(a) Counter-conditioning (i) After conditioning, a new CS(B) when paired with already conditioned stimulus CS(A) and presented as a compound stimulus, little or no conditioning occurs to CS(B). (b) Blocking (ii) Elimination of undesirable behaviour by pairing CS with US other than the one that originally reinforced that behaviour. (c) Overshadowing (iii) Inhibition of conditioned response caused by conditioned emotional response. (d) Conditioned Suppression (iv) While using compound CS where one of its components is more salient than the other, only the salient component is conditioned.
Code :
a-(ii), b-(i), c-(iv), d-(iii)
Psychology Concepts Matching Solution
This section provides a clear matching of key psychological concepts from List-I to their corresponding descriptions in List-II, ensuring accurate understanding for exam preparation.
Counter-conditioning Explained
Concept: Counter-conditioning
Description Match: (ii) Elimination of undesirable behaviour by pairing CS with US other than the one that originally reinforced that behaviour.
Reasoning: Counter-conditioning is a technique used to change a learned response. It involves pairing the conditioned stimulus (CS) that elicits an unwanted behavior with a new unconditioned stimulus (US) that produces a different, desirable response. This process aims to replace the original undesirable behavior with a new one.
Blocking Explained
Concept: Blocking
Description Match: (i) After conditioning, a new CS(B) when paired with already conditioned stimulus CS(A) and presented as a compound stimulus, little or no conditioning occurs to CS(B).
Reasoning: Blocking is a phenomenon in classical conditioning where prior conditioning to one stimulus (CS(A)) prevents or blocks any further conditioning to a second stimulus (CS(B)) when both are presented together. The first stimulus already reliably predicts the outcome.
Overshadowing Explained
Concept: Overshadowing
Description Match: (iv) While using compound CS where one of its components is more salient than the other, only the salient component is conditioned.
Reasoning: Overshadowing occurs during compound stimulus conditioning. If one stimulus in the compound is more intense or noticeable (salient) than another, it will be conditioned more effectively, overshadowing the learning associated with the less salient stimulus.
Conditioned Suppression Explained
Concept: Conditioned Suppression
Description Match: (iii) Inhibition of conditioned response caused by conditioned emotional response.
Reasoning: Conditioned suppression is often demonstrated using an aversive conditioning procedure. A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) after being paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). The CS then elicits a conditioned emotional response (e.g., fear), which can lead to the suppression or inhibition of other ongoing behaviors.
Correct Matching Summary:
- a - (ii)
- b - (i)
- c - (iv)
- d - (iii)
Important Questions from Principles and theories of learning - Teaching
- Which of the following terms explains the Reinforcement which is given only if a specific response is made ?
- Read each of the following statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R); and indicate your answer using code given below :
Assertion (A): Premack principle, based on Probability-Differential Hypothesis, states that the opportunity to engage in a frequently occurring activity can be used to reinforce less frequently activity.
Reason (R) : According to Probability-Differential Hypothesis, restricted access to a response makes that response reinforcing and excessive access to that response makes that response punishing.
Code : - Salient features of classical conditioning are
1. Responses are voluntary.
2. Based on principle of association by contiguity.
3. Antecedent stimuli are important in forming association.
4. Goal is to increase the rate of an already occurring response.
5. Goal is to create a new response to stimulus.
Codes: - Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :
Assertion (A): Conditioning fails to occur when unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus are paired in a random order.
Reason (R) : Cognitive processes involving expectation play an important role in classical conditioning.
Codes: - Which of the following is an application of operant conditioning ?
