Raymond Williams refers to William Cobbett, in Culture and Society, 1780-1950, who believed that the working people must be in charge of their own educational movements. Which English novel is mentioned by Williams, in this context, as having a similar position ?
Charles Dickens, Hard Times
Charles Dickens, Hard Times option is correct.
Raymond Williams's Culture and Society, 1780-1950 reconstructs a lineage of English thinkers who resist the reduction of culture to market value. His chapter on William Cobbett foregrounds Cobbett's insistence, in the Political Register, that the labouring classes must control their own instruments of instruction rather than accept the paternalist "useful knowledge" pressed on them from above.
Williams places this argument alongside Dickens's Hard Times, whose Coketown schoolroom of Mr Gradgrind and Mr M'Choakumchild is his most sustained fictional indictment of an educational system imposed on working people to fit them for industrial utility. Sissy Jupe's imaginative resistance, and Sleary's circus as an alternative pedagogy, dramatise the Cobbett-like case that self-directed, humane instruction must belong to the workers themselves.
Gaskell's North and South is discussed by Williams as an industrial-relations novel of sympathy, Gissing's The Unclassed centres on déclassé intellectuals, and Lawrence's Sons and Lovers is treated in a separate chapter on the tradition after Arnold; none is aligned in the Cobbett chapter with the demand that working people control their own educational movements.
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