Organisations encounter many different forces for change which may be external or internal. Which among the following does NOT come under the external forces of change ?
Change in leadership
A change in the organisation’s leadership originates within the organisation and is an internal force. Technological developments, labour-market diversity, and market competition are environmental forces that can create external pressure for change.
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below :
| List – I | List – II |
| a. Variable-pay program | i. An incentive plan for tde improvement of group productivity linked witd total amount of money allocation. |
| b. Piece-rate pay plan | ii. Compensation distribution based on certain formula around company’s profitability |
| c. Profit-sharing plan | iii. Workers are paid a fixed sum for each unit of production |
| d. Gain sharing | iv. Portion of employees’ pay based on individual/ organizational measure of performance |