LIST-I LIST-II A. Behaviourism I. Learner constructs his/her understanding through reflection of individual experiences. B. Cognitivism II. Internal (neural) networks formed and changed by external (digital-social) networks. C. Constructivism III. Exploring the mind while observing the change of over behaviour D. Connectivism IV. Based on the change of reflexive behaviour of a person with the help of external stimuli
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
This question requires matching four major learning theories (Behaviourism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, Connectivism) presented in LIST-I with their corresponding descriptions in LIST-II.
Matching Learning Theories
A. Behaviourism
Behaviourism focuses on observable actions and how they are shaped by external environmental stimuli through conditioning. It emphasizes stimulus-response associations.
- Matching Description: IV. Based on the change of reflexive behaviour of a person with the help of external stimuli. This aligns perfectly with the core tenets of behaviourism, where learning is seen as a change in behaviour triggered by external factors.
B. Cognitivism
Cognitivism shifts the focus inward, exploring mental processes such as perception, memory, thinking, and problem-solving. It examines how people process information.
- Matching Description: III. Exploring the mind while observing the change of over behaviour. This description captures the essence of cognitivism by linking internal mental exploration ('exploring the mind') with observable behavioural changes.
C. Constructivism
Constructivism posits that learners actively build their own knowledge and understanding through personal experiences and reflection. Knowledge is constructed, not passively received.
- Matching Description: I. Learner constructs his/her understanding through reflection of individual experiences. This directly reflects the constructivist view of active knowledge creation based on personal experiences.
D. Connectivism
Connectivism views learning as a process of forming connections within networks. It emphasizes the role of technology and distributed knowledge in a networked world.
- Matching Description: II. Internal (neural) networks formed and changed by external (digital-social) networks. This definition accurately describes connectivism, highlighting the formation and alteration of connections, particularly within digital contexts.
Correct Matching
Based on the analysis, the correct matching is:
- A - IV
- B - III
- C - I
- D - II
This corresponds to Option D.
Important Questions from Principles and theories of learning - Teaching
Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer by choosing from code given below :
List - I
(Concept)List - II
(Description)(a) Counter-conditioning (i) After conditioning, a new CS(B) when paired with already conditioned stimulus CS(A) and presented as a compound stimulus, little or no conditioning occurs to CS(B). (b) Blocking (ii) Elimination of undesirable behaviour by pairing CS with US other than the one that originally reinforced that behaviour. (c) Overshadowing (iii) Inhibition of conditioned response caused by conditioned emotional response. (d) Conditioned Suppression (iv) While using compound CS where one of its components is more salient than the other, only the salient component is conditioned.
Code :- Which of the following terms explains the Reinforcement which is given only if a specific response is made ?
- Read each of the following statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R); and indicate your answer using code given below :
Assertion (A): Premack principle, based on Probability-Differential Hypothesis, states that the opportunity to engage in a frequently occurring activity can be used to reinforce less frequently activity.
Reason (R) : According to Probability-Differential Hypothesis, restricted access to a response makes that response reinforcing and excessive access to that response makes that response punishing.
Code : - Salient features of classical conditioning are
1. Responses are voluntary.
2. Based on principle of association by contiguity.
3. Antecedent stimuli are important in forming association.
4. Goal is to increase the rate of an already occurring response.
5. Goal is to create a new response to stimulus.
Codes: - Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :
Assertion (A): Conditioning fails to occur when unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus are paired in a random order.
Reason (R) : Cognitive processes involving expectation play an important role in classical conditioning.
Codes:
