Match the following theories of Play: Codes:List I List II (a) Surplus Energy Theory (i) Play is the result of an aimless expenditure of surplus energy (b) Recreational Theory (ii) Instead of discharging the surplus energy through play activities play rebuilds it (c) Instinctive Practice Theory (iii) Instincts are the prime movers of behaviors of both men and animals (d) Psycho-Analytic Theory (iv) Play is medium of outlet for anxieties, tension, conflicts, frustrations etc.
(a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
Surplus Energy Theory, associated with Schiller and Spencer, holds that play is the aimless expenditure of energy the organism has left over after meeting survival needs, so (a) pairs with (i).
Recreational Theory, put forward by Lazarus, argues the opposite - play rebuilds energy exhausted by work rather than discharging it, so (b) pairs with (ii).
Instinctive Practice Theory of Karl Groos treats instincts as the prime movers of the behaviour of men and animals and views play as their rehearsal, matching (c) with (iii).
Freud's Psycho-Analytic Theory sees play as an outlet for anxieties, tensions, conflicts and frustrations, matching (d) with (iv).
Hence, the correct match is (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv).
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