Matching Communication Models: Elements and Descriptions

Introduction to the Question

This question asks us to match different descriptions or components of communication processes with specific, well-known models of communication. We need to correctly pair the items in List 1 (Elements/Descriptions of Communication Models) with the items in List 2 (Names of Communication Models).

Analysis of Communication Models and Elements

Let's break down the key characteristics of the models mentioned and how they align with the descriptions provided:

• Berlo's Model (SMCR): This is a linear model focusing on the Sender, Message, Channel, and Receiver. It emphasizes the encoding and decoding processes and the factors influencing them (like communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, social systems, and culture).
• Schramm's Model: Schramm proposed several models, but they generally emphasize the communication process as a dynamic interaction involving field of experience, encoding, decoding, noise, and feedback. It's often seen as an improvement over simpler linear models by highlighting shared experience and the complexity of message interpretation.
• Rogers and Shoemaker's Model: This model is primarily associated with the diffusion of innovations. It describes how new ideas spread through a social system over time, involving stages like awareness, knowledge, persuasion, decision, and confirmation, and considers the effects on the audience.
• Leagon's Model: While less commonly detailed than others in introductory texts, communication models often build upon or adapt existing frameworks. Without specific details provided in the question for Leagon's model, we rely on the matching provided by the correct answer.

Matching Elements with Communication Models

Based on the standard understanding of these communication models and aligning with the provided correct answer, here is the match:

Explanation of Matches:

• Match (1)-(II): The description "(1) Source - encoder-signed-Decoder Destination Decoder - Destination" highlights the encoding and decoding processes, which are central themes in Schramm's models of communication, particularly his emphasis on the shared "field of experience" for effective decoding.
• Match (2)-(I): The description "(2) Sender-Message - channel - Receiver" perfectly represents the basic linear structure of Berlo's SMCR model, where S stands for Sender, M for Message, C for Channel, and R for Receiver.
• Match (3)-(IV): The description "(3) Communication - Message - channel Treatment of message - audience - Audience Response" suggests a model that considers the audience's reaction and how the message is processed by them. According to the provided correct answer, this corresponds to Leagon's model.
• Match (4)-(III): The description "(4) Source - Message - Channel - Receiving Individual - Effects" indicates a model where the impact or "Effects" on the receiving individual are considered. The correct answer links this to Rogers and Shoemaker's Model, likely focusing on the outcomes and influence of communication, especially in the context of innovation adoption.

Conclusion

By carefully considering the core components and focus of each communication model, we can accurately match them with their descriptions. The key is to recognize the defining features, such as linear flow, encoding/decoding emphasis, audience response, or diffusion processes, and associate them with the correct theorist's model.