List - I
PhilosophyList - II
TheoristA. Existentialism I. Gramsci B. Idealism II. Sartre C. Marxism III. Peirce D. Pragmatism IV. Hegel
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
This question requires matching philosophical concepts from List-I with their associated theorists from List-II.
Existentialism is a philosophy emphasizing individual existence, freedom, and choice. Jean-Paul Sartre (II) is a central figure and prominent proponent of this school of thought.
Idealism posits that reality, or reality as humans know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (IV) developed a complex system of absolute idealism.
Marxism is a political and economic theory based on the ideas of Karl Marx. Antonio Gramsci (I), an Italian Marxist philosopher, expanded upon Marxist theories, particularly concerning culture and ideology.
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that understands truth and meaning in terms of practical consequences and applications. Charles Sanders Peirce (III) is widely regarded as the founder of pragmatism.
Based on the established connections between the philosophies and theorists:
Therefore, the correct matching is A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III. This corresponds to Option B.
Morgenthau's principles of political realism are:
A. Politics is rooted in permanent and unchanging human nature which is basically self centred, self-regarding and self-interested
B. Politics is an autonomous sphere of action and cannot therefore be reduced to morals
C. International Politics is an arena of conflicting self-interests
D. The ethics of international relations is situational ethics which is very different from private morality
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Who among the following political thinkers consider the anarchical self help system to be a compelling factor for States to maximise their relative power positions?