Match List-I with List-II:List-IList-II(A) Bacteriophage lambda(I) 231 gene(B) Y-chromosome of human(II) 48502 bp(C) Haploid content of human DNA (III) 3.3 × 109 bp(D) Escherichia coli DNA(IV) 4.6 × 106 bpChoose the correct answer from the options given below:

Question

Prepp Team · Accepted Answer

Matching DNA Sizes and Gene Counts in Biological Systems

This question asks us to match different biological entities, specifically their genetic material, with properties like DNA length in base pairs (bp) or gene count. We need to carefully analyze the items in List-I and match them with the characteristics provided in List-II based on the options.

Analyzing List-I and List-II

List-I contains the biological entities:

(A) Bacteriophage lambda
(B) Y-chromosome of human
(C) Haploid content of human DNA
(D) Escherichia coli DNA

List-II contains the properties:

(I) 231 gene
(II) 48502 bp
(III) ${3.3 \times 10^9}$ bp
(IV) ${4.6 \times 10^6}$ bp

Matching Process Based on the Provided Correct Option

We are given that option (b) is the correct answer, which provides the following matches:

(A) - (II)
(B) - (I)
(C) - (IV)
(D) - (III)

Let's examine each match according to this option:

List-I Item	List-II Match	Explanation based on Option (b)
(A) Bacteriophage lambda	(II) ${48502}$ bp	According to option (b), Bacteriophage lambda DNA has a size of approximately ${48502}$ base pairs. This is a typical size for the genome of this virus.
(B) Y-chromosome of human	(I) ${231}$ gene	Option (b) matches the human Y-chromosome with ${231}$ genes. The human Y-chromosome is known to have a relatively small number of genes compared to other human chromosomes.
(C) Haploid content of human DNA	(IV) ${4.6 \times 10^6}$ bp	As per option (b), the haploid content of human DNA is ${4.6 \times 10^6}$ base pairs. This value represents the total length of DNA in a single set of human chromosomes.
(D) Escherichia coli DNA	(III) ${3.3 \times 10^9}$ bp	Option (b) matches Escherichia coli (E. coli) DNA with ${3.3 \times 10^9}$ base pairs. This value represents the size of the circular chromosome found in E. coli bacteria.

Following the matches provided in option (b), we link each item from List-I to its corresponding property in List-II.

Summary of Matches from Option (b)

Bacteriophage lambda genome size is ${48502}$ bp.
Human Y-chromosome has ${231}$ genes.
Haploid human DNA content is ${4.6 \times 10^6}$ bp.
Escherichia coli DNA size is ${3.3 \times 10^9}$ bp.

Therefore, based on the selected option:

(A) maps to (II)
(B) maps to (I)
(C) maps to (IV)
(D) maps to (III)

Revision Table: Genome Sizes and Gene Counts

Entity	Type	Characteristic (from List-II)	Match in Option (b)
Bacteriophage lambda	Virus	${48502}$ bp	(A) - (II)
Human Y-chromosome	Eukaryotic Chromosome	${231}$ gene	(B) - (I)
Haploid human DNA	Eukaryotic Genome (Haploid)	${4.6 \times 10^6}$ bp	(C) - (IV)
Escherichia coli DNA	Prokaryotic Genome	${3.3 \times 10^9}$ bp	(D) - (III)

Additional Information on Genome Sizes

Understanding the relative sizes of genomes and the number of genes in different organisms is fundamental in molecular biology and genetics. Here's some additional context:

Base Pairs (bp): DNA length is measured in base pairs. Larger units include kilobases (kb, ${10^3}$ bp), megabases (Mb, ${10^6}$ bp), and gigabases (Gb, ${10^9}$ bp).
Viruses: Viruses like bacteriophages typically have very small genomes, ranging from a few thousand base pairs to tens or hundreds of thousands. Bacteriophage lambda is a commonly studied example.
Bacteria: Bacterial genomes, like that of Escherichia coli, are usually single, circular chromosomes. Their sizes are generally in the range of a few million base pairs (Mb).
Eukaryotes: Eukaryotic genomes are much larger and organized into multiple linear chromosomes. The haploid human genome size is significantly larger than bacterial genomes, measured in billions of base pairs (Gb).
Chromosome Size and Gene Content: Within a eukaryotic genome, different chromosomes vary in size and gene density. Sex chromosomes like the human Y-chromosome are generally smaller and contain fewer genes compared to autosomes.

These examples illustrate the vast differences in genetic content across different life forms and genetic elements.

Prepp Team · Answer

(a) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

Prepp Team · Answer

(c) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)

Prepp Team · Answer

(d) (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)

List-I (Organism)	List-II (Sex Chromosomes)
(A) Male grasshopper	(I) XY
(B) Male Drosophila	(II) XX
(C) Female bird	(III) XX
(D) Female grasshopper	(IV) XO