Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists: List-I (Cell Organelle) List-II (Function) A. Mitochondria 1.Photosynthesis B. Chloroplast 2. Protein synthesis C. Ribosomes 3. Intracellular D. Lysosomes digestion 4. ATP formation
A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3
Matching Cell Organelles with Their Functions
Cell organelles are specialized subunits within a cell that perform specific functions. Understanding these functions is fundamental to cell biology. This question asks us to match common cell organelles with their primary roles.
Understanding Each Cell Organelle and its Function
Let's examine each cell organelle from List-I and determine its primary function from List-II:
- Mitochondria: These are often called the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are the primary sites for cellular respiration, a process that generates a large amount of energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Therefore, the function of mitochondria is ATP formation.
- Chloroplast: These organelles are found in plant cells and some eukaryotic algae. They are responsible for photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Thus, the function of chloroplast is Photosynthesis.
- Ribosomes: These are small, granular structures found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. They are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA into polypeptide chains. Hence, the function of ribosomes is Protein synthesis.
- Lysosomes: These are membrane-bound organelles containing a variety of hydrolytic enzymes. They are involved in breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders through intracellular digestion. So, the function of lysosomes is Intracellular digestion.
Matching List-I and List-II
Based on the functions identified above, we can create the following matches:
| List-I (Cell Organelle) | List-II (Function) | Match |
|---|---|---|
| A. Mitochondria | 4. ATP formation | A - 4 |
| B. Chloroplast | 1. Photosynthesis | B - 1 |
| C. Ribosomes | 2. Protein synthesis | C - 2 |
| D. Lysosomes | 3. Intracellular digestion | D - 3 |
So, the correct matching is A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3.
Comparing with Given Options
Let's compare our derived matching (A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3) with the provided options:
- Option 1: A - 3, B - 1, C – 2, D - 4 (Incorrect)
- Option 2: A - 3, B - 2, C - 1, D - 4 (Incorrect)
- Option 3: A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3 (Correct)
- Option 4: A - 4, B - 2, C - 1, D - 3 (Incorrect)
The matching A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3 corresponds to Option 3.
Revision Table: Cell Organelles and Functions
| Cell Organelle | Primary Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Mitochondria | ATP formation (Cellular Respiration) | Present in eukaryotes; double membrane |
| Chloroplast | Photosynthesis | Present in plants/algae; double membrane; contains chlorophyll |
| Ribosomes | Protein synthesis | Present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; made of rRNA and protein; no membrane |
| Lysosomes | Intracellular digestion | Present in eukaryotes; single membrane; contains hydrolytic enzymes |
Additional Information: Other Important Cell Components
Besides the organelles mentioned, cells contain many other structures vital for their function:
- Nucleus: Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transport. Rough ER has ribosomes; Smooth ER does not.
- Golgi Apparatus (or Golgi Complex): Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
- Vacuoles: Storage sacs for water, nutrients, and waste. Large central vacuole in plant cells helps maintain turgor pressure.
- Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance filling the cell, enclosing the organelles.
- Cell Membrane: The outer boundary of the cell, regulating passage of substances.
- Cell Wall: Rigid outer layer in plant cells, fungi, and bacteria providing structural support.
Each cell part plays a crucial role in maintaining cell life and performing specific tasks necessary for the organism's survival.
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