$x\sin\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)dy=\left(y\sin\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)-x\right)dx$
with
$y(1)=\dfrac{\pi}{2}$
and
$\alpha=\cos\left(\dfrac{y\left(e^{1/2}\right)}{e^{1/2}}\right)$
Divide by $dx$:
$x\sin\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\dfrac{dy}{dx}=y\sin\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)-x$
$\dfrac{dy}{dx}=\dfrac{y}{x}-\dfrac{1}{\sin(y/x)}$
Let
$v=\dfrac{y}{x}$
Then
$y=vx$
So,
$\dfrac{dy}{dx}=v+x\dfrac{dv}{dx}$
Substitute:
$v+x\dfrac{dv}{dx}=v-\csc v$
$x\dfrac{dv}{dx}=-\csc v$
$\sin v; dv=-\dfrac{dx}{x}$
Integrating,
$-\cos v=-\ln x+C$
$\cos v=\ln x+C$
Since $v=\dfrac{y}{x}$,
$\cos\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)=\ln x+C$
Given
$y(1)=\dfrac{\pi}{2}$
So,
$\cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)=\ln 1+C$
$0=0+C$
Hence,
$C=0$
Therefore,
$\cos\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)=\ln x$
At $x=e^{1/2}$,
$\cos\left(\dfrac{y\left(e^{1/2}\right)}{e^{1/2}}\right)=\ln\left(e^{1/2}\right)=\dfrac12$
Thus,
$\alpha=\dfrac12$
Given equation:
$x^2+y^2-2px+2py+\alpha+2=0$
Substitute $\alpha=\dfrac12$:
$x^2+y^2-2px+2py+\dfrac52=0$
Compare with standard form
$x^2+y^2+2gx+2fy+c=0$
Radius:
$r=\sqrt{g^2+f^2-c}$
Here,
$g=-p,\quad f=p,\quad c=\dfrac52$
So,
$r^2=p^2+p^2-\dfrac52$
$r^2=2p^2-\dfrac52$
Given
$r\leq 6$
Therefore,
$2p^2-\dfrac52\leq 36$
$2p^2\leq \dfrac{77}{2}$
$p^2\leq \dfrac{77}{4}$
$p^2\leq 19.25$
Hence,
$|p|\leq 4$
Integral values of $p$ are
$-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4$
It can be any non-negative integer
Let $[\cdot]$ be the greatest integer function. If $\alpha = \int_{0}^{64} (x^{1/3} - [x^{1/3}]) dx$, then $\frac{1}{\pi} \int_{0}^{\alpha \pi} \left(\frac{\sin^2 \theta}{\sin^6 \theta + \cos^6 \theta}\right) d\theta$ is equal to ________.
Let $y=y(x)$ be the solution of the differential equation $(\tan x)^{\frac{1}{2}} \text{ dy} = \left(\sec^{3}x - (\tan x)^{\frac{3}{2}}y\right) \text{ dx}, \ 0 < x < \frac{\pi}{2}, \ y\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) = \frac{6\sqrt{2}}{5}$. If $y\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right) = \frac{4}{5} \alpha$, then $\alpha^{4}$ equals ___________.
Let $[\cdot]$ be the greatest integer function. If $\alpha = \int_{0}^{64} (x^{1/3} - [x^{1/3}]) dx$, then $\frac{1}{\pi} \int_{0}^{\alpha \pi} \left(\frac{\sin^2 \theta}{\sin^6 \theta + \cos^6 \theta}\right) d\theta$ is equal to ________.