Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow. New York City is on ‘high alert’ after reporting 100 cases of a rare inflammatory disease apparently tied to COVID-19 in children. The city recently began reporting rising cases of paediatric multi-system inflammatory syndrome, an illness that officials say is similar to toxic shock or Kawasaki disease, with symptoms including a fever and abdominal pain and which ‘appears to be linked to an immune response to COVID-19,’ The New York Times reports. City Mayor Bill de Blasio, in a press briefing on Thursday said, "We are now on high alert in addressing the syndrome after the number of confirmed cases of paediatric multi-system inflammatory syndrome in the city has reached 100.” “Among those cases, 55 children have tested positive for COVID-19 or the antibodies”, de Blasio said, “and one child has died.” Two other children have also died from the illness in New York State, according to the Times. De Blasio had reported 82 cases of the syndrome in the city. These developments continue to be ‘really troubling’ after it was previously thought that "children seemed to have very little effect from this disease," de Blasio said. He urged parents to call their doctor immediately if a child had a persistent fever, a rash, abdominal pain, vomiting, and especially a combination of these symptoms.
It can be said that children are suffering from the disease if they have the following symptoms: a) Pain in the stomach b) Fever that does not go c) Toxic shock d) Vomiting e) Pain in the whole body
Understanding Paediatric Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome Symptoms
The question asks us to identify the symptoms associated with the rare inflammatory disease, paediatric multi-system inflammatory syndrome, based on the provided passage. To answer this, we need to carefully read the text and extract the specific symptoms mentioned.
Identifying Symptoms from the Passage
Let's scan the passage to find where the symptoms are described:
- The passage states the illness has "symptoms including a fever and abdominal pain".
- Later, it urges parents to call a doctor "if a child had a persistent fever, a rash, abdominal pain, vomiting, and especially a combination of these symptoms".
Based on these mentions, the key symptoms noted in the passage are:
- Fever (including persistent fever)
- Abdominal pain
- Rash
- Vomiting
Analyzing the Given Options Against Passage Symptoms
Now let's compare the symptoms listed in the options (a-e) with the symptoms identified in the passage:
a) Pain in the stomach: This matches "abdominal pain" mentioned in the passage. Match found.
b) Fever that does not go: This matches "a persistent fever" and "a fever" mentioned in the passage. Match found.
c) Toxic shock: The passage states the illness is *similar to* toxic shock, but it does not list toxic shock itself as a symptom of this specific disease. It is a comparison, not a symptom description. No direct match as a symptom.
d) Vomiting: This matches "vomiting" mentioned in the passage. Match found.
e) Pain in the whole body: This symptom is not mentioned anywhere in the provided passage. No match found.
Determining the Correct Combination of Symptoms
Based on our analysis, the symptoms from the options that are explicitly mentioned in the passage as characteristic of the paediatric multi-system inflammatory syndrome are:
- a) Pain in the stomach (Abdominal pain)
- b) Fever that does not go (Persistent fever)
- d) Vomiting
We are looking for the option that includes symptoms a, b, and d.
Selecting the Correct Option
Let's look at the provided options:
- Option 1: a, d and e (Incorrect, e is not mentioned)
- Option 2: c, d and e (Incorrect, c is a comparison, e is not mentioned)
- Option 3: a, b and d (Correct, includes Pain in the stomach, Fever that does not go, and Vomiting)
- Option 4: b, c and e (Incorrect, c is a comparison, e is not mentioned)
Therefore, the combination of symptoms described in the passage corresponds to option 3.
Revision Table: Paediatric Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome
| Symptom from Option | Mentioned in Passage? | Notes from Passage |
|---|---|---|
| a) Pain in the stomach | Yes | Listed as "abdominal pain" |
| b) Fever that does not go | Yes | Listed as "a persistent fever" or "a fever" |
| c) Toxic shock | No (as a symptom) | Illness is described as "similar to toxic shock" |
| d) Vomiting | Yes | Explicitly listed as "vomiting" |
| e) Pain in the whole body | No | Not mentioned in the text |
Additional Information on Paediatric Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C)
Paediatric Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome (PMIS), also known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), is a serious condition that appears to be linked to COVID-19. It can affect various parts of the body, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes, or gastrointestinal organs.
While the exact cause is still being studied, it is believed to be an exaggerated immune response that occurs weeks after a COVID-19 infection, even if the initial infection was mild or asymptomatic. The symptoms can vary among children, but common signs often include a persistent fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, red eyes, and feeling unusually tired.
The passage highlights the importance of recognizing these symptoms early and seeking medical attention, as prompt treatment can help manage the condition and prevent complications.
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