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Question

Is the two digit number odd?

Statement 1 (S1) : Sum of the digits is even

Statement 2 (S2) : The number, when multiplied by 2, fetches an even number.

The correct answer is

Both S1 & S2 combined are not sufficient to answer the question.

To determine if a two-digit number is odd, we need to analyze the information provided in Statement 1 (S1) and Statement 2 (S2).

Two-Digit Number Definition

Let the two-digit number be represented as \(N\). A two-digit number ranges from 10 to 99. We can express \(N\) as \(10a + b\), where \(a\) is the tens digit (\(a \in \{1, 2, ..., 9\}\)) and \(b\) is the units digit (\(b \in \{0, 1, ..., 9\}\)).

A number is considered odd if its units digit (\(b\)) is one of 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.

A number is considered even if its units digit (\(b\)) is one of 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.

Analyzing Statement 1 (S1): Sum of the Digits is Even

Statement 1 provides the condition that the sum of the digits, \(a + b\), is an even number.

For the sum of two integers to be an even number, there are exactly two possible scenarios for the parity (odd or even) of the individual digits:

  • Case 1: Both digits \(a\) and \(b\) are even.
    • If \(a\) is an even digit (e.g., 2, 4, 6, 8) and \(b\) is an even digit (e.g., 0, 2, 4, 6, 8), then their sum \(a+b\) will be an even number.
    • In this situation, the two-digit number \(N = 10a + b\). Since \(10a\) will always be an even number (as 10 is even) and \(b\) is specified as even, their sum \(N\) will be an even number.
    • Example: Consider the two-digit number \(N = 20\). Here, \(a=2\) (even) and \(b=0\) (even). The sum of digits is \(2+0=2\), which is even. The number 20 is an even number.
    • Example: Consider the two-digit number \(N = 42\). Here, \(a=4\) (even) and \(b=2\) (even). The sum of digits is \(4+2=6\), which is even. The number 42 is an even number.
  • Case 2: Both digits \(a\) and \(b\) are odd.
    • If \(a\) is an odd digit (e.g., 1, 3, 5, 7, 9) and \(b\) is an odd digit (e.g., 1, 3, 5, 7, 9), then their sum \(a+b\) will also be an even number.
    • In this situation, the two-digit number \(N = 10a + b\). Since \(10a\) will always be an even number and \(b\) is specified as odd, their sum \(N\) will be an odd number.
    • Example: Consider the two-digit number \(N = 11\). Here, \(a=1\) (odd) and \(b=1\) (odd). The sum of digits is \(1+1=2\), which is even. The number 11 is an odd number.
    • Example: Consider the two-digit number \(N = 35\). Here, \(a=3\) (odd) and \(b=5\) (odd). The sum of digits is \(3+5=8\), which is even. The number 35 is an odd number.

Since Statement 1 allows for the two-digit number \(N\) to be both odd (e.g., 11) and even (e.g., 20) while satisfying the condition, Statement 1 alone is not sufficient to definitively answer whether the two-digit number is odd.

Analyzing Statement 2 (S2): The Number, When Multiplied by 2, Fetches an Even Number

Statement 2 states that \(2 \times N\) is an even number.

  • The property of multiplication dictates that if any integer \(N\) is multiplied by 2, the result will always be an even number, regardless of whether \(N\) itself is odd or even.
  • Example: If \(N = 7\) (an odd number), then \(2 \times 7 = 14\), which is an even number.
  • Example: If \(N = 8\) (an even number), then \(2 \times 8 = 16\), which is an even number.

This statement provides no unique information that helps us determine the parity (odd or even) of \(N\) itself. It is a universal truth for all integers.

Therefore, Statement 2 alone is not sufficient to answer whether the two-digit number is odd.

Combining Both Statements (S1 & S2)

When we combine Statement 1 and Statement 2, we consider the implications of both conditions simultaneously to see if a definitive answer can be reached.

As previously established, Statement 2 does not offer any useful additional information to determine if the two-digit number is odd, because multiplying any integer by 2 always yields an even number.

Consequently, combining the statements essentially means we are only relying on the information provided by Statement 1.

From our analysis of Statement 1, we observed that:

  • It allows for cases where the two-digit number \(N\) is even (e.g., \(N=20\), where \(a=2, b=0\), sum of digits \(2+0=2\) is even, and 20 is even).
  • It also allows for cases where the two-digit number \(N\) is odd (e.g., \(N=11\), where \(a=1, b=1\), sum of digits \(1+1=2\) is even, and 11 is odd).

Since we can still find examples where the number is odd and examples where the number is even, even after considering both statements, we cannot definitively answer the question "Is the two-digit number odd?" with a simple "Yes" or "No".

Therefore, both Statement 1 and Statement 2 combined are not sufficient to answer the question.

Summary of Statement Analysis for Two-Digit Number Parity
Statement Condition Example (Number N) Is N odd? Sufficiency
S1: Sum of digits (\(a+b\)) is even \(a\) even, \(b\) even \(N=20\) (\(2+0=2\)) No (20 is even) Not Sufficient (allows both odd and even numbers)
\(a\) odd, \(b\) odd \(N=11\) (\(1+1=2\)) Yes (11 is odd)
S2: The number, when multiplied by 2, fetches an even number (\(2N\) is even) Always true for any integer N \(N=10 \Rightarrow 20\) (even)
\(N=11 \Rightarrow 22\) (even)
Cannot determine N's parity Not Sufficient (provides no information about N itself)
S1 & S2 Combined Effectively same as S1 (S2 adds no value) Can be \(11\) (odd) or \(20\) (even) Cannot determine definitively Not Sufficient

Final Answer Conclusion

Based on the detailed analysis, neither Statement 1 alone, nor Statement 2 alone, nor both statements combined provide sufficient information to determine if the two-digit number in question is odd. We cannot give a definitive "Yes" or "No" answer.

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Important Questions from Data Sufficiency

  1. Consider two Statements and a Question:

    Statement 1: Priya is 4 ranks below Seema and is 31 st  from the bottom.

    Statement 2:  Ena is 2 ranks above Seema and is 37" from the bottom.

    Question:  What is Seema’s rank from the top in the class of 40 students ?

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Statements and the Question ?

  2. Consider two Statements and a Question:

    Statement 1: Each of A and D is heavier than each of B, E and F, but none of them is the-heaviest.

    Statement 2:  A is heavier than D, but is lighter than C.

    Question:  Who is the heaviest among A,B,C, D and E?

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Statements and the Question ?

  3. Consider two Statements and a Question :

    Statement-1 : The last day of the month is a Wednesday.

    Statement-2 : The third Saturday of the month was the seventeenth day.

    Question : What day is the fourteenth of the given month ?

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Statements and the Question ?

  4. Consider the Question and two Statements given below :

    Question : Is xan integer?

    Statement-1 : x /  3 is not an integer.

    Statement-2 : 3 xis an integer.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Question and the Statements?

  5. Consider the Question and two Statements given below:

    Question : What is the age of Manisha?

    Statement-1: Manisha is 24 years younger than her mother.

    Statement-2 : 5 years later, the ages of Manisha and her mother will be in the ratio 3 : 5.

    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Question and the Statements?

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