In which one of the following years did the British demarcate a large area of land as Damin-i-koh for settling the Santhals ?
1832
The question asks about the specific year when the British government decided to set aside a large tract of land, known as Damin-i-koh, primarily for the settlement of the Santhal community. This was a significant administrative measure taken by the British colonial authorities in India.
Understanding Damin-i-koh and Santhal Settlement
Damin-i-koh translates roughly to the 'skirt of the hills'. It referred to the area located around the Rajmahal Hills in present-day Jharkhand. Prior to its demarcation, this region was inhabited by various groups, including the paharias and later, the Santhals who migrated from other areas seeking land for cultivation.
The British policy towards this region evolved over time. Initially, they struggled to control the hill people (Paharias) and ensure peace for settled agriculture and revenue collection. They tried various methods, including pacification and allowances, but these were not entirely successful. Subsequently, they encouraged Santhals, who were skilled agriculturists, to settle in the plains at the foothills of the Rajmahal Hills.
The Demarcation of Damin-i-koh
To formalize this settlement and administration, the British decided to demarcate a large area specifically as Damin-i-koh. This demarcation was done with boundaries marked by pillars, separating it from the surrounding areas. The primary aim was to create a reserved area for the Santhals, encouraging them to clear the forests, practice settled agriculture, and thereby increase revenue for the state. It was also intended to provide the British with a more controlled and predictable population base in the region.
Historical records indicate that this formal demarcation of Damin-i-koh for Santhal settlement took place in the year 1832.
The establishment of Damin-i-koh had significant long-term consequences, including increased population pressure on the land, exploitation by landlords and moneylenders who entered the area, and ultimately contributing to the conditions that led to the Santhal Rebellion of 1855-56.
Revision Table: Key Events and Years
| Year | Event/Policy | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Late 18th Century | British attempts to pacify Paharias | Control over Rajmahal Hills, revenue collection |
| Early 19th Century | Santhals migrate into the region | Seeking land for cultivation |
| 1832 | Demarcation of Damin-i-koh | Formal area for Santhal settlement, revenue generation |
| 1855-56 | Santhal Rebellion | Response to exploitation and loss of land/rights |
Additional Information on Damin-i-koh
- Damin-i-koh was located in the Rajmahal Hills area.
- It was intended as a homeland for the Santhals, distinct from surrounding areas.
- The demarcation aimed at promoting settled agriculture among Santhals.
- This policy, while initially providing land, later led to issues of exploitation and encroachment.
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