"In the Soviet Union, as also in China, there was a strong belief that anti-imperial movements in the colonies would result in their moving into the socialist orbit."
Indeed, both the Soviet Union and, later, China harbored a strong conviction that anti-imperialist movements in the colonies would naturally transition into socialist revolutions. This belief was rooted in classical Marxist-Leninist theory, which defined imperialism as the 'highest stage of capitalism', where capitalist powers exploited colonies for resources and markets. They thus viewed anti-colonial struggles as fundamentally class struggles against a global capitalist-imperialist system.
Therefore, once liberated, these newly independent nations, often lacking robust indigenous capitalist structures, were expected to gravitate towards a socialist path. Both Moscow and Beijing actively supported various national liberation movements, providing ideological guidance, training, and material aid, hoping to nurture communist parties and socialist-aligned states. This perspective profoundly shaped their foreign policy during the Cold War, as they viewed these movements as essential allies in the global struggle against Western capitalism and for the expansion of the socialist bloc.
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