The question asks us to evaluate three statements about the manufacturing platforms used for specific COVID-19 vaccines: Covishield, Sputnik V, and COVAXIN.

Analyzing COVID-19 Vaccine Statements

Let's examine each statement carefully to determine its accuracy regarding the COVID-19 vaccine platforms.

Statement 1: The Serum Institute of India produced COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using mRNA platform.

This statement is incorrect. Covishield, which is the Indian manufactured version of the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, is based on a viral vector platform, not an mRNA platform. Viral vector vaccines use a modified version of a different virus (the vector) to deliver instructions to cells to make a harmless piece of the virus that causes COVID-19.

Statement 2: Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using vector based platform.

This statement is correct. The Sputnik V vaccine, developed by Russia's Gamaleya Research Institute, is indeed a viral vector vaccine. It uses two different adenoviruses as vectors for the two doses.

Statement 3: COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen based vaccine.

This statement is correct. COVAXIN, developed by Bharat Biotech in India, is an inactivated whole virus vaccine. This means it uses an entire SARS-CoV-2 virus that has been killed or inactivated, so it cannot cause disease but can still trigger an immune response.

Summary of Correct Statements on COVID-19 Vaccine Platforms

Based on our analysis:

• Statement 1 is incorrect.
• Statement 2 is correct.
• Statement 3 is correct.

Therefore, only statements 2 and 3 are correct regarding the platforms used for these COVID-19 vaccines.

Identifying the Correct Option for COVID-19 Vaccines

We are looking for the option that includes only the correct statements. Our analysis showed that statements 2 and 3 are correct.

Let's look at the options:

• 1 and 2 Only - Incorrect (Statement 1 is wrong)
• 1 and 3 Only - Incorrect (Statement 1 is wrong)
• 2 and 3 Only - Correct (Statements 2 and 3 are correct)
• All 1, 2 and 3 - Incorrect (Statement 1 is wrong)

The option that states "2 and 3 Only" correctly identifies the accurate statements about the COVID-19 vaccine platforms.

Revision Table: Key COVID-19 Vaccine Platforms

Additional Information: Understanding Vaccine Technologies

Vaccines work by teaching your immune system how to recognize and fight off a specific pathogen like a virus. Different technologies are used to create vaccines:

mRNA Vaccines Explained

These vaccines deliver a piece of messenger RNA (mRNA) that contains instructions for making a specific protein found on the virus (like the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2). Your cells use these instructions to make the protein, and your immune system recognizes this protein as foreign and learns how to react if it encounters the actual virus.

Viral Vector Vaccines Explained

These vaccines use a modified, harmless virus (the vector) to deliver genetic material from the target pathogen into cells. This genetic material tells the cells to make a protein from the pathogen, triggering an immune response without causing illness.

Inactivated Whole Virus Vaccines Explained

These vaccines are made by growing the pathogen (like a virus) and then killing or inactivating it using heat, chemicals, or radiation. The killed pathogen cannot cause disease, but its components can still be recognized by the immune system, leading to an immune response.

Understanding these different platforms helps clarify how various COVID-19 vaccines were designed and manufactured.