In Sangam literature, which of the following themes is primarily associated with the concept of ‘Puram’?
War, valor, and public life
Sangam literature (c. 300 BCE – 300 CE) is the earliest classical Tamil literature, composed at three Sangams (academies of poets) patronised by the Pandya kings at Madurai.
The Tolkappiyam, the earliest extant Tamil grammar, divides poetic themes into two broad categories — Akam and Puram.
Akam ("interior") deals with love, personal emotions and matters of the heart between individuals. Puram ("exterior") deals with everything outside the personal domain — war, valour, heroism, kingship, ethics, public life and eulogies of chieftains. The Purananuru is a well-known anthology of Puram poems.
Trade, commerce, rituals and sacrifices may appear as background, but the defining theme of Puram is war, valour and public life.
Hence, the answer is war, valor, and public life.
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