If ROAD is written as URDG, then SWAN should be written as:
VZDQ
This question is a common type of logical reasoning problem known as coding-decoding. In these problems, a specific rule or pattern is used to transform one word into a coded form. Our task is to identify this pattern and then apply it to another word.
Decoding the Pattern from ROAD to URDG
Let's analyze the given relationship: ROAD is coded as URDG. We will look at each letter individually and determine the shift in its alphabetical position.
| Original Letter | Alphabetical Position | Coded Letter | Alphabetical Position (Coded) | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | 18 | U | 21 | $21 - 18 = +3$ |
| O | 15 | R | 18 | $18 - 15 = +3$ |
| A | 1 | D | 4 | $4 - 1 = +3$ |
| D | 4 | G | 7 | $7 - 4 = +3$ |
From the table, it is evident that each letter in the word ROAD is shifted forward by three positions in the English alphabet to obtain its corresponding letter in URDG. This is a consistent pattern of a $+3$ shift.
- R (18th letter) → R + 3 = U (21st letter)
- O (15th letter) → O + 3 = R (18th letter)
- A (1st letter) → A + 3 = D (4th letter)
- D (4th letter) → D + 3 = G (7th letter)
Applying the Pattern to SWAN
Now, we will apply the exact same $+3$ shift rule to each letter of the word SWAN to find its coded form.
| Original Letter | Alphabetical Position | Shift (+3) | New Position | Coded Letter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S | 19 | $19 + 3$ | 22 | V |
| W | 23 | $23 + 3$ | 26 | Z |
| A | 1 | $1 + 3$ | 4 | D |
| N | 14 | $14 + 3$ | 17 | Q |
Applying the $+3$ shift for each letter of SWAN:
- S (19th letter) shifted by $+3$ becomes V (22nd letter).
- W (23rd letter) shifted by $+3$ becomes Z (26th letter).
- A (1st letter) shifted by $+3$ becomes D (4th letter).
- N (14th letter) shifted by $+3$ becomes Q (17th letter).
Therefore, when SWAN is coded using the same rule, it becomes VZDQ.
Conclusion for SWAN's Code
Based on the consistent letter shifting pattern identified from ROAD to URDG, the word SWAN is coded as VZDQ.
Important Questions from Numerical Reasoning
Among 150 faculty members in an institute, 55 are connected with each other through Facebook and 85 are connected through WhatsApp. 30 faculty members do not have Facebook or WhatsApp accounts. The number of faculty members connected only through Facebook accounts is ______________.
X is 1 km northeast of Y. Y is 1 km southeast of Z. W is 1 km west of Z. P is 1 km south of W. Q is 1 km east of P. What is the distance between X and Q in km?
- Two numbers are, respectively, 28% and 25% less than a third number. What percent is the first number of the second number?
A dealer sold three-forth (3/4th) of his articles at a gain of 20% and the remaining articles at the cost price. Find the gain earned by him in the whole transaction.
78, 65, 82, 69, 86, ?
