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Question

If a machine has an efficiency of 80%, it means:

This question was previously asked in
RRB NTPC 2024 Undergraduate CBT 1 Question Paper (29-Aug-2025) (Shift 1)
The correct answer is
the machine loses 20% of the input

The correct answer is 3. the machine loses 20% of the input.

Efficiency is defined as the ratio of useful output work to the total input work. It's expressed as a percentage.

If a machine has an efficiency of 80%, this means that 80% of the input energy is converted into useful output work. The remaining 20% is lost due to factors like friction, heat, and sound.

Let's examine why the other options are incorrect:

  • Option 1: Velocity ratio and mechanical advantage are related to the machine's capabilities but don't directly define its efficiency. Efficiency focuses on energy conversion.
  • Option 2: An 80% efficient machine *does* have losses in input energy; that's what the 20% represents.
  • Option 4: A machine can never produce more output energy than the input energy due to the law of conservation of energy. This would imply a greater than 100% efficiency, which is impossible.

Therefore, an 80% efficiency indicates a 20% energy loss during the work process.

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