The correct answer is 3. the machine loses 20% of the input.
Efficiency is defined as the ratio of useful output work to the total input work. It's expressed as a percentage.
If a machine has an efficiency of 80%, this means that 80% of the input energy is converted into useful output work. The remaining 20% is lost due to factors like friction, heat, and sound.
Let's examine why the other options are incorrect:
Therefore, an 80% efficiency indicates a 20% energy loss during the work process.
Which of the following mechanical devices efficiently distributes or multiplies loads with little effort?