If a differential compound generator is used in variable load applications, what will be the effect on terminal voltage?
Terminal voltage decreases with increase in load current
In a compound DC generator the behaviour of terminal voltage with load depends on how the series field winding is connected relative to the shunt field.
If the series field aids the shunt field the machine is cumulatively compounded, but if the series field opposes the shunt field it is differentially compounded.
In a differential compound generator the series ampere-turns act against the shunt ampere-turns, so as the load current increases the series winding weakens the net field flux.
A weaker flux lowers the generated EMF, and on top of that the armature-resistance voltage drop and the demagnetising effect of armature reaction further reduce the output.
The combined result is a terminal voltage that falls sharply and steeply as load current grows, giving a strongly drooping characteristic suited only to special near-constant-current duties.
So the voltage does not stay constant (that would need level compounding), does not rise (that is over-cumulative compounding), and does not fluctuate randomly, since the fall is a definite, repeatable trend.
Hence, the answer is Terminal voltage decreases with increase in load current.
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