Identify the odd term with respect to allotropes of carbon.
Tungsten
Understanding Allotropes of Carbon
The question asks us to identify the term that is different from the others in the context of allotropes of carbon. To answer this, let's first understand what an allotrope is.
What is an Allotrope?
Allotropy is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state. These different forms are called allotropes. Allotropes show different physical properties and sometimes different chemical properties, even though they are made up of the same element.
Allotropes of Carbon
Carbon is an element that exhibits allotropy. It can exist in various forms due to the ability of carbon atoms to bond with each other in different ways. Some well-known allotropes of carbon include:
- Diamond
- Graphite
- Fullerenes (like Buckminsterfullerene, C<sub>60</sub>)
- Carbon nanotubes
- Graphene
Analyzing the Given Options
Let's look at the options provided and determine if they are allotropes of carbon or something else:
- Buckminsterfullerene: This is a specific type of fullerene, which is a molecular allotrope of carbon. It consists of carbon atoms arranged in a spherical structure, often in the shape of a truncated icosahedron (like a soccer ball). So, this is an allotrope of carbon.
- Graphite: This is one of the most common and stable allotropes of carbon. In graphite, carbon atoms are arranged in layers of hexagonal lattices. So, this is an allotrope of carbon.
- Tungsten: Tungsten is a chemical element with the symbol W and atomic number 74. It is a hard, brittle refractory metal under standard conditions when uncombined. It is not a form of carbon or an allotrope of carbon.
- Diamond: This is another well-known allotrope of carbon. In diamond, carbon atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral structure, forming a rigid 3D lattice. Diamond is known for its extreme hardness. So, this is an allotrope of carbon.
Identifying the Odd Term
Based on the analysis:
- Buckminsterfullerene is an allotrope of carbon.
- Graphite is an allotrope of carbon.
- Tungsten is NOT an allotrope of carbon; it is a different element (a metal).
- Diamond is an allotrope of carbon.
Therefore, Tungsten is the term that is odd with respect to allotropes of carbon.
| Term | Is it an Allotrope of Carbon? | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Buckminsterfullerene | Yes | A type of fullerene (C<sub>60</sub>), a molecular allotrope of carbon. |
| Graphite | Yes | A crystalline allotrope of carbon with layered structure. |
| Tungsten | No | A different chemical element (metal), symbol W. |
| Diamond | Yes | A crystalline allotrope of carbon with tetrahedral structure. |
Conclusion: Odd Term Analysis
The terms Buckminsterfullerene, Graphite, and Diamond are all different structural forms (allotropes) of the element carbon. Tungsten, on the other hand, is a completely different chemical element. Thus, Tungsten is the odd term out when considering allotropes of carbon.
Revision Table: Carbon Allotropes
| Allotrope | Structure | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Diamond | Tetrahedral 3D lattice | Extremely hard, electrical insulator, high thermal conductivity. |
| Graphite | Layered hexagonal lattice | Soft, good electrical conductor, good thermal conductor, used as lubricant. |
| Fullerenes (e.g., C<sub>60</sub>) | Spherical molecules | Semiconducting or conducting (when doped), reactive, exists as discrete molecules. |
| Graphene | Single layer of hexagonal lattice | Extremely strong, excellent electrical and thermal conductor, flexible. |
Additional Information: Elements and Allotropy
Many elements exhibit allotropy, not just carbon. Examples include:
- Phosphorus: Exists as white phosphorus, red phosphorus, and black phosphorus, each with distinct structures and properties.
- Sulfur: Has multiple allotropes, with rhombic sulfur (S<sub>8</sub> ring) being the most common stable form at room temperature.
- Oxygen: Exists as diatomic oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), which are allotropes with different reactivity.
Understanding allotropy helps in explaining the diverse properties of elements and their different forms.
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