Assertion (A) : Terzaghi's theory of consolidation considers only primary consolidation.
Reason (R) : Secondary consolidation takes place only at the end of the primary consolidation.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Assertion (A) Analysis
Terzaghi's theory of one-dimensional consolidation fundamentally describes the process of settlement in saturated soils due to the dissipation of excess pore water pressure when subjected to a load. This primary settlement phase, driven by the expulsion of water and governed by Darcy's law and continuity equation, is termed primary consolidation. Therefore, the statement that Terzaghi's theory considers only primary consolidation is correct, as it focuses on this dominant mechanism.
Reason (R) Analysis
Consolidation settlement in soils occurs in distinct stages. Primary consolidation is the initial, rapid phase where excess pore water pressure dissipates significantly. Following this, a slower process known as secondary consolidation begins. This phase occurs after the excess pore water pressure has largely dissipated and is characterized by a relatively constant rate of settlement over time, often attributed to physicochemical forces and particle rearrangement. Thus, the statement that secondary consolidation takes place only at the end of the primary consolidation is factually correct.
Relationship Between Assertion and Reason
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements regarding soil consolidation.
- Assertion (A) correctly states the focus of Terzaghi's basic theory.
- Reason (R) correctly describes the temporal sequence of consolidation phases.
However, Reason (R) does not serve as the correct explanation for Assertion (A). The reason Terzaghi's theory primarily focuses on primary consolidation is due to the mechanism (pore pressure dissipation) and the significant magnitude of settlement associated with it. While secondary consolidation occurs later (as stated in R), the *timing* itself isn't the fundamental reason *why* the theory concentrates on the primary phase. The theory's focus stems from the physics of pore pressure reduction and the resulting volume change during that phase.
Therefore, both statements are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
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Choose the correct answer from the options given below:Who among the following political thinkers consider the anarchical self help system to be a compelling factor for States to maximise their relative power positions?
