Assertion (A) : Unit hydrograph theory is not applicable to catchment areas larger than $5000 \text{ sq.km}$.
Reason (R) : Rainfall is not uniformly distributed on large catchment areas.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Unit Hydrograph Applicability Analysis
Assertion (A) Analysis
The statement asserts that the Unit Hydrograph (UH) theory is generally considered inapplicable for catchment areas exceeding $5000 \text{ sq.km}$. This is a widely accepted guideline in hydrology.
Why? The fundamental assumptions of the UH method, such as uniform rainfall distribution and a consistent basin response, tend to break down over very large areas. Spatial variations in rainfall and runoff characteristics become significant.
Reason (R) Analysis
The reason states that rainfall distribution is not uniform across large catchment areas. This is a physically accurate observation.
Explanation: Weather systems rarely produce identical rainfall amounts over extensive geographical regions. Factors like topography, storm movement, and atmospheric conditions cause significant spatial variability in precipitation.
Linking Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
The non-uniform distribution of rainfall (Reason R) is a primary factor limiting the applicability of the Unit Hydrograph theory to large catchment areas (Assertion A).
Explanation: The standard Unit Hydrograph method relies on the assumption of uniform rainfall input over the entire catchment. When rainfall varies significantly across a large area, this assumption is violated, making the direct application or derivation of a single UH unreliable for accurately predicting the basin's response.
Conclusion
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements. Furthermore, Reason (R) provides the valid hydrological reason explaining the limitation mentioned in Assertion (A).
Therefore, the most appropriate answer is that both statements are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
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B. Politics is an autonomous sphere of action and cannot therefore be reduced to morals
C. International Politics is an arena of conflicting self-interests
D. The ethics of international relations is situational ethics which is very different from private morality
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:Who among the following political thinkers consider the anarchical self help system to be a compelling factor for States to maximise their relative power positions?
