Assertion (A) : Inbreeding increases the homozygosity of allele at a locus.
Reason (R) : High homozygosity enhances genetic load.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Assertion (A) Analysis: Inbreeding and Homozygosity
Assertion (A) states that inbreeding increases the homozygosity of alleles at a locus. Inbreeding involves mating between closely related individuals. This process increases the likelihood that an individual will receive identical alleles from both parents, thereby increasing the proportion of homozygous individuals in the population for many genes. Therefore, Assertion (A) is considered correct.
Reason (R) Analysis: Homozygosity and Genetic Load
Reason (R) states that high homozygosity enhances genetic load. Genetic load refers to the reduction in a population's fitness due to the presence of deleterious alleles. Inbreeding leads to increased homozygosity, which can expose recessive deleterious alleles that were previously masked in heterozygous individuals. When these alleles become homozygous, their negative effects on fitness become apparent, thus increasing the genetic load. Therefore, Reason (R) is also considered correct.
Relationship Between Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
While both statements are factually correct, Reason (R) does not provide the direct explanation for Assertion (A). Assertion (A) is correct because of the mechanics of allele inheritance during the mating of related individuals. Reason (R) describes a consequence or effect that arises from the increased homozygosity mentioned in Assertion (A), rather than explaining *why* inbreeding increases homozygosity itself. The increase in homozygosity is a direct result of the mating system (inbreeding), and the enhancement of genetic load is a subsequent effect of this increased homozygosity.
Conclusion
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements. However, Reason (R) is not the correct explanation for Assertion (A).
The most appropriate option is that both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
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