Assertion (A) Analysis

Assertion (A) states that Neo-positivists do not display a strong historical bias. Neo-positivism, emphasizing empirical verification and logical analysis, often focuses on observable, current data. This methodological stance tends to minimize interpretations based on historical perspectives, thus reducing historical bias.

Reason (R) Analysis

Reason (R) states that their techniques permit them to study only contemporary social problems. The core methodology of Neo-positivism relies on direct observation and empirical testing, which is most readily applicable to current phenomena. Studying historical events, which are not directly observable, falls outside this primary methodological scope.

Relationship Check

• The focus on empirical, observable data (Reason R) directly influences the approach to historical analysis.
• Because Neo-positivist techniques are best suited for contemporary issues, they inherently limit engagement with historical contexts, thereby avoiding historical bias (Assertion A).
• Therefore, the reason explains why the assertion is true.

Conclusion

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true statements. Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A) because the methodological constraints of Neo-positivism (focusing on the contemporary and observable) lead to a lack of historical bias.