Give an account of post-fertilization changes leading to formation of seeds in angiosperms.
Following fertilization in angiosperms, profound changes occur within the flower to form the seed and fruit. The primary event is the fusion of gametes: the zygote, formed from the fusion of male gamete and egg, develops into the embryo. Simultaneously, the primary endosperm nucleus, resulting from the fusion of the second male gamete and central cell, divides repeatedly to form the endosperm, providing nourishment to the developing embryo.
The ovule, containing these structures, transforms into the seed. Its integuments harden to form the protective seed coat. Concurrently, the entire ovary undergoes remarkable growth and differentiation, eventually maturing into the fruit. The ovary wall develops into the pericarp, which can be fleshy or dry, protecting the developing seeds. Other floral parts, like petals, sepals, and stamens, usually wither and fall off as the fruit develops, although some may persist in modified forms.
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