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Question

Does the structural-functionalist perspective on social stratification promote a status quo? Give reasons for your answer.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

Yes, the structural-functionalist perspective on social stratification is widely criticized for promoting the status quo. It argues that social inequality is functional and necessary for society's smooth operation and stability.

Reasons for this view:

  1. Motivational Incentive: Functionalists like Davis and Moore posit that unequal rewards (income, prestige) motivate talented individuals to fill important, difficult societal roles. This perceived necessity justifies existing disparities, as it ensures qualified people undertake crucial tasks.

  2. Social Stability: By emphasizing how different social strata contribute to collective order and integration, functionalism highlights the system's harmonious aspects, thus maintaining current arrangements. It focuses on equilibrium over change.

  3. Downplays Conflict: This perspective often overlooks inherent power imbalances and exploitation within inequality, presenting the system as largely consensual and beneficial.

Therefore, by portraying inequality as a functional and necessary mechanism for societal efficiency, structural-functionalism implicitly legitimizes existing hierarchies and discourages fundamental social change, reinforcing the status quo.

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Anushka Goel

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