Discuss the major initiatives taken by the Government of India for the removal of caste injustice and inequality after 1947.
Post-1947, the Government of India embarked on a multi-pronged approach to dismantle caste injustice and inequality, enshrined in its foundational principles.
A cornerstone was the Constitutional abolition of Untouchability (Article 17), making its practice a punishable offense. This was reinforced by the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, which outlawed discrimination based on caste. Later, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, provided stronger legal safeguards against violence and discrimination.
Alongside legal measures, affirmative action policies (reservations) in education, government employment, and legislative bodies (Articles 15(4), 16(4), 330, 332) were introduced. This aimed to address historical disadvantages and ensure representation for Scheduled Castes and Tribes.
Furthermore, institutional mechanisms like the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and National Commission for Scheduled Tribes were established to monitor the implementation of these safeguards. Various socio-economic development programs and schemes were also launched to uplift these communities, aiming to integrate them fully into the national mainstream and ensure social justice.
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