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Directions: In this section, each item consists of six sentences. The first and sixth sentences are marked as S1 and S6. The four sentences between S1 and S6 have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. This is followed by four options, each suggesting a sequence of sentences. Identify the most appropriate option and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly.

S1: One of the features of humanist culture in Italy was a slackening of the control of religion over human life.

S6: There was also a concern at this time with good manners.

P: Though they were not irreligious, Italians were strongly attracted to material wealth, power and glory.

Q: He wrote a pamphlet defending acquisition of wealth as a virtue.

R: In On Pleasure, Lorenzo Valla, another humanist, criticised the Christian injunction against pleasure.

S: Francesco Barbaro was a humanist from Venice.

The correct sequence should be

This question was previously asked in
CDS 2 2024 Maths Question Paper (01-Sep-2024)
The correct answer is

PSQR

Ordering Sentences: Exploring Italian Humanist Culture

This question involves reconstructing a logical paragraph by arranging jumbled sentences. We are given a starting sentence (S1) and an ending sentence (S6), with four sentences (P, Q, R, S) needing to be placed in the correct order between them. The core theme revolves around the characteristics of humanist culture in Italy and its impact on societal focus.

Understanding the Context: S1 and S6

  • S1: This sentence introduces the main subject: "One of the features of humanist culture in Italy was a slackening of the control of religion over human life." It establishes that the period saw a reduced influence of religion on people's lives.
  • S6: This sentence provides a concluding remark: "There was also a concern at this time with good manners." It adds a final detail about the social priorities of the era.

Analyzing the Jumbled Sentences

Let's examine each jumbled sentence to understand its potential role and connection to the main theme:

  • P: "Though they were not irreligious, Italians were strongly attracted to material wealth, power and glory." This sentence logically expands on S1. It clarifies that while Italians weren't necessarily abandoning religion, their focus shifted towards worldly aspects like material wealth, power, and glory.
  • Q: "He wrote a pamphlet defending acquisition of wealth as a virtue." This sentence refers to a specific action attributed to a male individual (indicated by 'He'). It likely provides an example supporting the theme of attraction to wealth mentioned in P.
  • R: "In On Pleasure, Lorenzo Valla, another humanist, criticised the Christian injunction against pleasure." This sentence introduces another key figure of the time, Lorenzo Valla, and highlights his views on pleasure. It represents another aspect of humanist thought focusing on worldly enjoyment, distinct from the theme of wealth.
  • S: "Francesco Barbaro was a humanist from Venice." This sentence introduces a specific person, Francesco Barbaro, identifying him as a humanist. This likely serves as the introduction for the example mentioned in sentence Q.

Building the Logical Flow: The Sequence PSQR

We can construct a coherent narrative by connecting the sentences logically:

  1. The paragraph should start with S1 to establish the main theme: the reduced religious control during Italian humanism.
  2. P follows naturally, explaining this shift by highlighting the increased focus on worldly desires like material wealth and power.
  3. Next, S introduces a specific example, Francesco Barbaro, a prominent humanist.
  4. Q logically follows S, providing a concrete detail about Barbaro's work – his defence of wealth acquisition, which directly supports the theme of wealth mentioned in P.
  5. R introduces another humanist, Lorenzo Valla, and his perspective on pleasure. This adds another dimension to the discussion of humanist values, focusing on a related but distinct worldly concern.
  6. Finally, S6 concludes the paragraph by mentioning the concurrent interest in good manners.

This step-by-step connection establishes the sequence S1 -> P -> S -> Q -> R -> S6 as the most logical arrangement.

Conclusion on Sentence Ordering

Based on the analysis, the most coherent and logical order for the jumbled sentences is PSQR.

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