Consider the following statements with respect to endometrial cycle: 1. The basal zone is uninfluenced by any hormone. 2. Saw-toothed glandular epithelium is seen in secretory phase. 3. Stratum compactum contains mainly the glands and less stroma. 4. Pseudostratification is seen in proliferative phase of menstrual cycle. Which of the statements given above are correct?
1, 2 and 4
The correct answer is 1, 2 and 4. The basal zone (stratum basalis), supplied by straight basal arteries, is classically described as unresponsive to ovarian steroids — it does not shed at menstruation and regenerates the functionalis, so statement 1 is true. In the secretory phase, progesterone makes glands tortuous and irregularly infolded, giving the classic saw-toothed appearance with subnuclear vacuolation (statement 2 true). In the proliferative phase, oestrogen-driven mitosis places gland nuclei at different levels, producing pseudostratified columnar epithelium (statement 4 true).
Statement 3 is false and reverses the histology: the superficial stratum compactum is mainly densely packed stroma with only the narrow gland necks, whereas the deeper stratum spongiosum is the gland-rich, oedematous layer. Hence every option containing 3 — 1, 3 and 4; 2, 3 and 4; and 1, 2 and 3 — must be rejected.
Key point: Compactum equals compact stroma, spongiosum equals dilated glands; pseudostratification equals proliferative phase, saw-toothed glands equal secretory phase, and the basalis is the hormone-independent regenerative layer.
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Important Questions from Physiology of Menstruation & Fertilization
- Implantation of a fertilised ovum occurs on which day following fertilisation?
- Withdrawal bleeding following administration of progesterone in a case of secondary amenorrhea indicates all EXCEPT:
- Diagnostic criteria for PCOD are:
1. Oligo/amenorrohoea
2. Hyperandrogenism
3. Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
Which of the above are correct? An 18 year old unmarried girl comes with complaints of heavy, prolonged bleeding during menses. Which among the following investigations is NOT usually advised?
- Which one of the following is true about Basal body temperature?
1. Biphasic pattern
2. Increase in the level of progesterone and norepinephrine
3. Temperature falls by $0.5^{\circ}C$ after ovulation
4. It can predict ovulation precisely
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
