1. Endometrial biopsy provides information regarding ovulatory factor
2. Both tubal and peritoneal factors can be assessed at laparoscopy
3. Unexplained infertility may be due to luteal phase defect
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Infertility Statement Analysis
This question requires evaluating the accuracy of three statements concerning infertility diagnosis and causes.
Statement 1: Endometrial Biopsy and Ovulation
Endometrial biopsy is a procedure used to examine the tissue lining of the uterus (endometrium). While its primary use in infertility is often to assess the luteal phase (confirming ovulation occurred and the endometrium is adequately prepared for pregnancy), the histological changes observed can provide indirect information about the ovulatory factor by confirming if ovulation has indeed taken place and resulted in the expected hormonal changes.
- Confirmed ovulation leads to specific endometrial changes.
- Biopsy assesses these changes, reflecting the ovulatory status.
- Therefore, Statement 1 is correct.
Statement 2: Laparoscopy for Tubal and Peritoneal Factors
Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure allowing direct visualization of the pelvic organs. It is a key diagnostic tool for evaluating female infertility, particularly for assessing:
- Tubal factors: Assessing the patency (openness) and integrity of the fallopian tubes, looking for blockages or adhesions.
- Peritoneal factors: Diagnosing conditions like endometriosis, pelvic adhesions, and other abnormalities within the pelvic cavity.
Thus, laparoscopy is effective for assessing both tubal and peritoneal factors. Statement 2 is correct.
Statement 3: Unexplained Infertility and Luteal Phase Defect
Unexplained infertility refers to cases where standard infertility evaluations do not reveal a specific cause. A luteal phase defect (LPD) is a condition where the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is inadequate, potentially hindering implantation. LPD can be difficult to diagnose definitively and is often considered a potential underlying cause contributing to unexplained infertility.
- LPD can compromise the uterine environment for implantation.
- It is recognized as a potential, albeit sometimes hard-to-confirm, cause of infertility.
- Therefore, unexplained infertility may indeed be due to LPD. Statement 3 is correct.
Conclusion
All three statements (1, 2, and 3) are considered correct based on standard reproductive medicine practices.
The correct combination is 1, 2, and 3.
Important Questions from Physiology of Menstruation & Fertilization
- Implantation of a fertilised ovum occurs on which day following fertilisation?
- Withdrawal bleeding following administration of progesterone in a case of secondary amenorrhea indicates all EXCEPT:
- Diagnostic criteria for PCOD are:
1. Oligo/amenorrohoea
2. Hyperandrogenism
3. Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
Which of the above are correct? An 18 year old unmarried girl comes with complaints of heavy, prolonged bleeding during menses. Which among the following investigations is NOT usually advised?
- Which one of the following is true about Basal body temperature?
1. Biphasic pattern
2. Increase in the level of progesterone and norepinephrine
3. Temperature falls by $0.5^{\circ}C$ after ovulation
4. It can predict ovulation precisely
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
