Calcium carbonate is heated to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide; this is a type of:
decomposition reaction
When calcium carbonate is heated, it splits into two simpler substances: calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. The reaction is CaCO3 → CaO + CO2. A single compound breaking down into two or more simpler substances on the application of heat is the definition of a decomposition reaction (specifically, thermal decomposition).
A combination or addition reaction would involve two substances joining to form one; a displacement reaction would involve one element taking the place of another in a compound. Neither of these matches CaCO3 breaking apart on heating.
Hence, the answer is decomposition reaction.
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The information not obtained from balanced chemical equation is
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