Reason (R): Jean Piaget emphasized that more knowledgeable others play a significant role in advancing children's cognitive skills through social interaction.
Choose the correct option:
Analyzing Assertion (A) and Reason (R) on Educational Theories
This question requires us to evaluate two statements, an Assertion (A) and a Reason (R), related to educational psychology, specifically focusing on teaching strategies and cognitive development theories. We need to determine if each statement is true or false, and if the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Evaluating Assertion (A): Scaffolding in Teaching
Assertion (A) states: "Teachers should provide a lot of scaffolding to children in the forms of prompts and cues."
- Scaffolding is a teaching technique where a more knowledgeable person (like a teacher) provides temporary support to a learner to help them achieve a task that they would not be able to complete on their own.
- This support often involves breaking down the task into smaller steps, offering guidance, asking leading questions (prompts), and giving hints (cues).
- The goal of scaffolding is to help the learner master the task and gradually reduce the support as the learner becomes more competent.
- This is a widely accepted and effective pedagogical practice.
- Therefore, Assertion (A) is true.
Evaluating Reason (R): Piaget, MKO, and Social Interaction
Reason (R) states: "Jean Piaget emphasized that more knowledgeable others play a significant role in advancing children's cognitive skills through social interaction."
- Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development focuses primarily on how children construct knowledge through interaction with the physical world and progress through distinct stages (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational). While he acknowledged social factors, his core emphasis wasn't on the more knowledgeable other (MKO) or intensive social interaction as the primary drivers of cognitive advancement.
- The concept of the More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) and the significant role of social interaction in cognitive development is a central tenet of Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. Vygotsky argued that learning occurs through interaction with others who have more knowledge or skills (MKOs) within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).
- Attributing this emphasis to Piaget is a misrepresentation of his theoretical framework.
- Therefore, Reason (R) is false.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- Assertion (A) is true.
- Reason (R) is false.
Since Reason (R) is false, it cannot be a correct explanation for the true Assertion (A).
Final Answer Selection
The option that correctly reflects this analysis is that (A) is true and (R) is false.
Important Questions from Principles and theories of learning - Teaching
Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer by choosing from code given below :
List - I
(Concept)List - II
(Description)(a) Counter-conditioning (i) After conditioning, a new CS(B) when paired with already conditioned stimulus CS(A) and presented as a compound stimulus, little or no conditioning occurs to CS(B). (b) Blocking (ii) Elimination of undesirable behaviour by pairing CS with US other than the one that originally reinforced that behaviour. (c) Overshadowing (iii) Inhibition of conditioned response caused by conditioned emotional response. (d) Conditioned Suppression (iv) While using compound CS where one of its components is more salient than the other, only the salient component is conditioned.
Code :- Which of the following terms explains the Reinforcement which is given only if a specific response is made ?
- Read each of the following statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R); and indicate your answer using code given below :
Assertion (A): Premack principle, based on Probability-Differential Hypothesis, states that the opportunity to engage in a frequently occurring activity can be used to reinforce less frequently activity.
Reason (R) : According to Probability-Differential Hypothesis, restricted access to a response makes that response reinforcing and excessive access to that response makes that response punishing.
Code : - Salient features of classical conditioning are
1. Responses are voluntary.
2. Based on principle of association by contiguity.
3. Antecedent stimuli are important in forming association.
4. Goal is to increase the rate of an already occurring response.
5. Goal is to create a new response to stimulus.
Codes: - Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :
Assertion (A): Conditioning fails to occur when unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus are paired in a random order.
Reason (R) : Cognitive processes involving expectation play an important role in classical conditioning.
Codes:
