Among the following techniques which one is more sensitive for blood group determination from blood stains ?
Absorption - Elution
ABO grouping of dried bloodstains is done by detecting the A and B antigens on red cell remnants, because the cells are lysed and direct agglutination is not possible.
The absorption–elution technique is the most sensitive method. Antiserum is allowed to bind to antigens in the stain fibres, the unbound antibody is washed away, and the bound antibody is then eluted by heating at about 56 °C. The eluate is tested with known indicator red cells. Because only the specifically bound antibody is recovered and concentrated, very small or old stains can be grouped.
Absorption–inhibition measures the fall in antibody titre after contact with the stain and needs a relatively large amount of stain, so it is less sensitive. Mixed agglutination works well on fibres but needs careful technique and is less widely used. Latex agglutination is mainly a screening approach. Hence absorption–elution is preferred for sensitivity.
Hence, the answer is Absorption - Elution.
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