A patient shows impaired function of the kidney’s filtering units. Which physiological process will be most directly affected?
Removal of nitrogenous wastes from blood
The filtering unit of the kidney is the nephron. Each kidney contains about a million nephrons, each with a glomerulus enclosed in a Bowman's capsule that filters blood under pressure, followed by tubules that reabsorb useful substances and secrete wastes.
The main job of nephrons is to filter out nitrogenous waste products – urea, uric acid and creatinine – formed by protein metabolism, and excrete them as urine, along with excess water, salts and drugs.
Sweat production is controlled by skin sweat glands and the hypothalamus, breathing rate by the respiratory centre in the medulla, and oxygen transport by haemoglobin in RBCs – none of these depends on nephron function.
Hence, the answer is removal of nitrogenous wastes from blood.
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