A material that fractures with very little or no plastic deformation is said to exhibit:
Brittleness
The key concept is plastic deformation, the permanent change of shape a material undergoes before it finally breaks.
Some materials stretch, bend or neck noticeably before fracture, absorbing energy in the process, while others give almost no warning and simply snap.
Brittleness is precisely the property of fracturing suddenly with little or no plastic deformation, as seen in cast iron, glass and hardened steel.
Toughness is the opposite quality, the ability to absorb a large amount of energy and deform before breaking, so it does not describe a clean snap.
Ductility is the capacity to be drawn out and permanently deformed into wire or shape, which again involves plenty of plastic flow before failure.
Elasticity refers only to recovering shape after the load is removed and says nothing about how the material finally fractures.
Hence, the answer is Brittleness.
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Important Questions from Metals and Properties
The property of metals to produce ringing sound on being struck with a hard object is known as ________.
Which of the following statements about the resistivity of metals is INCORRECT?
Temple bells are made of metals because they are:
The most malleable metal is?
Aluminium in its pure form is not used for engineering work because
