Which of the following traditions are the two major streams of Indian classical music?
Hindustani and Carnatic
Indian classical music is broadly divided into two great traditions, distinguished by geography, style and repertoire.
The Hindustani tradition developed in North India, absorbing Persian and Central Asian influences. It emphasises raga elaboration through alap, jor, jhala and gats, with instruments like sitar, sarod, tabla and bansuri.
The Carnatic tradition flourished in South India and stayed closer to older Sanskritic sources. It is more composition-based, built around kritis by trinity composers like Tyagaraja, Muttuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri, and uses instruments such as veena, mridangam and violin.
Tribal folk, Bhakti songs, Rajasthani folk and Western classical belong to other categories entirely, so the pairing that names the two classical streams is Hindustani and Carnatic.
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