Understanding Electricity Distributors

In an electrical distribution system, distributors play a crucial role. They are the conductors from which tapings are taken to supply power directly to the consumers. Distributors are fed by feeders, which originate from a substation.

Key Considerations in Distributor Design

When designing a distributor, engineers must consider several factors to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. Some of the most important factors include:

• Current carrying capacity: The conductor must be able to carry the required load current without overheating.
• Voltage drop: The voltage at the consumer's terminal must be within acceptable limits. As current flows through the resistance and reactance of the distributor, there is a drop in voltage along its length.
• Economic considerations: The cost of conductors and installation.
• Reliability: Ensuring continuous supply.

Analyzing the Statements

Let's examine each statement provided in the question:

• Statement 1: "Tapings are taken from the distributors for supply of consumers."

  This statement is correct. Distributors are specifically designed to have multiple tapings along their length to serve individual consumers or groups of consumers via service mains.

• Statement 2: "While designing a distributor, voltage drop is not considered."

  This statement is incorrect. Voltage drop is one of the most critical factors in the design of a distributor. Excessive voltage drop can lead to consumers receiving a voltage that is too low for proper operation of their appliances, potentially causing damage or inefficient performance. Utility regulations often specify maximum permissible voltage drop percentages from the substation to the consumer terminal, and distributor design must ensure these limits are met.

• Statement 3: "Voltage drop is the main consideration in design of distributors."

  This statement is correct. While current capacity is also important, the voltage drop often dictates the minimum cross-sectional area of the conductor needed for a given load and length, especially in longer distributors or those supplying significant load.

• Statement 4: "Service mains connect consumers to the distributor directly."

  This statement is correct. Service mains are the final link in the distribution chain, connecting the consumer's meter point or service entrance to the nearest tapping point on the distributor.

Identifying the Incorrect Statement

Based on the analysis above, the statement that is INCORRECT is, "While designing a distributor, voltage drop is not considered." Voltage drop is indeed a primary factor in the design process.